Skeletal Functions
What skeletal function protects vital organs such as the brain and heart?
Protection
Which bone cell is responsible for building new bone?
Osteoblast
What type of bone tissue is dense and forms the outer layer of bones?
Compact bone
Which type of marrow produces blood cells?
Red bone marrow
What condition is characterized by decreased bone density?
Osteoporosis
Which skeletal function allows bones to act as levers for muscles?
Leverage (Movement)
Which bone cell maintains bone matrix?
Osteocyte
What type of bone tissue contains trabeculae?
Spongy bone
Which type of marrow stores fat?
Yellow bone marrow
What disease causes bones to become soft due to vitamin D deficiency?
Rickets (children) or osteomalacia (adults)
Which skeletal function involves the production of blood cells?
Hematopoiesis
Which bone cell breaks down bone tissue?
Osteoclast
What structural unit is found in compact bone?
Osteon (Haversian system)
Where does longitudinal bone growth occur?
Epiphyseal plate
What type of fracture breaks the bone into two pieces?
Simple (closed) fracture
Which skeletal function stores calcium and phosphate?
Mineral storage (calcium and phosphate)
Which bone cell develops from osteoblasts and becomes trapped in the matrix?
Osteocyte
What membrane lines the internal surfaces of bones?
Endosteum
What is the process by which bone lengthens during childhood?
Endochondral ossification
Why are older adults more prone to fractures?
Decreased bone density and slower bone repair
Which skeletal function is most important in preventing fractures during impact injuries?
Protection and shock absorption (bone strength and structure help resist impact)
How do osteoblasts and osteoclasts work together during bone remodeling?
Osteoblasts build new bone while osteoclasts break down old bone to reshape and strengthen bone during remodeling.
How does the structure of spongy bone help reduce bone weight?
Spongy bone has a porous structure that reduces weight while maintaining strength.
How does nutrition influence bone growth and development?
Proper nutrition provides calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, and protein needed for bone growth and strength.
How does physical activity influence bone strength over time?
Weight-bearing exercise increases bone density by stimulating bone remodeling.