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Basics of Thermo
Laws
Important Definitions
Gibbs
More Basics
100
A measure of the average kinetic energy of atoms and molecules
What is temperature?
100
1st Law of Thermodynamics
Energy isnt created or destroyed just transformed from one type to another
100
an experimental technique that is used to determine the heat exchanged or transferred in a reaction
What is calorimetry
100
DeltaG=?
=DeltaH-TDeltaS
100
Energy transfers due to ____ ____
What is molecular collisions
200
Transfer of kinetic energy from a warmer body to a cooler one
What is heat transfer?
200
2nd Law of Thermodynamics
Every energy transformation increases the energy of the universe
200
Distance between 2 bonded atoms at their minimum potential energy
What is bond length
200
Delta G is negative if Delta H is negative and Delta S is positive
What is Thermodynamically favored
200
Energy can be transfered from _____ to ____
molecules to surroundings
300
?=-PdeltaV
What is work
300
Hess's Laws
The overall enthalpy change in a reaction is equal to the sum's of the enthalpy changes for the individual steps of the reaction
300
Randomness or disorder
What is entropy
300
Delta G is positive if Delta H is positive and Delta S is negative
What is thermodynamically unfavored
300
Delta H for a pure element
is zero
400
breaking bonds ____ energy
requires
400
DeltaH=?
[products]-[reactants]
400
Entropy increase when...
1. solid to liquid or liquid to gas 2. number of particles increases 3. increase in volume
400
Processes are thermodynamically, but do not proceed at measurable rates
What is kinetic control
400
Negative Delta H
Exothermic, reaction is stable
500
making bonds ____ energy
Releases
500
Enthalpy Change
The amount of energy absorbed or released by a chemical reaction
500
What is the shape of the heating/cooling curve
increasing, but flatens out at a constant at the melting point and the boiling point
500
Gibb's measures what
spontaneity of a reaction
500
Positive Delta H
Endothermic, reaction is not stable