Gen Chem
What is the formula for density?
D=m/v
What are the three common stresses on an chemical reaction according to Le Chatlier's Principle?
Temperature change, concentration change, and pressure/volume change
Define the following: Unsaturated solution, saturated solution
Unsaturated solution: a solution in which more solute can be dissolved
Saturated solution: a solution in which no more solute can be dissolved
Name one strong acid and one strong base.
Acids - HCl, HBr, HI, HClO4, HNO3, HIO4, H2SO4, HClO3
Bases - LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH
Fill in the blank.
A chemical reaction that loses electrons is ______
A chemical reaction that gains electrons is ______
1. Oxidation
2. Reduction
What are the three formulas for temperature conversions?
F = 9/5(C) + 32
C = 5/9(F-32)
K = C + 273
If K>1, the equilibrium favors the _____
If K<1, the equilibrium favors the _____
1. Products
2. Reactants
Fill in the blank.
Molar solubility and ion concentration in a saturated solution are _______
Independent of volume
What are the four formulas when calculating pH, pOH, [H+], and [OH-]?
pH = -log[H+]
pOH = -log[OH-]
[H+] = 10^-pH
[OH-] = 10^-pOH
Fill in the blank.
If the overall voltage of a cell is positive, the reaction is ______. This ALWAYS occurs in an _______.
If the overall voltage of a cell is negative, the reaction is ______. This ALWAYS occurs in an _______.
1. Spontaneous, electrochemical cell
2. Non-spontaneous, electrolytic cell
Who are the four main atomic structure scientists?
Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, and Chadwick
If Q=K, the reaction ______
If Q>K, the reaction ______
If Q<K, the reaction ______
1. Is at equilibrium
2. Shifts left
3. Shifts right
When calculating solubility, what must you include as part of your answer?
A sentence stating solubility
Name the formula for the relationship between Ka and Kb.
Ka X Kb = Kw
Fill in the blank.
If Q<1, Ecell will be _____ than EoCell
If Q>1, Ecell will be _____ than EoCell
1. Greater
2. Less
What are the names of these four polyatomic ions?
HSO4- , OCN- , HPO3 (2-) , Cr2O7 (2-)
What is the formula for percent change in concentration?
% change in concentration =
change in concentration/initial concentration x 100
What are the two methods that can be used in selective precipitation?
Solubility rules & relative solubility
Fill in the blank.
Cations found in strong bases will _____
Anions found in strong acids will _____
1. Hydrolyze
2. Not hydrolyze
What is the formula for current calculations? WHat is the conversion between moles of e- and Coulombs?
I = q/t
1 mol e- = 96485 Coulombs
Fill in the blanks.
All nitrate (NO3-) compounds are _____
All compounds containing alkali metal ion or ammonium ions are _____
Most hydroxide compounds are _____ EXCEPT those containing Ba2+ and Sr2+
Most sulphide compounds are ______ EXCEPT those containing Be2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, and Sr2+
Almost all carbonate (CO3 2-), phosphate (PO4 3-), and chromate (CrO4 2-) compounds are ______
In order:
1. soluble
2. soluble
3. insoluble
4. insoluble
5. insoluble
What is the formula for the relationship between Kp and Kc?
Bonus: How do you calculate delta n for the equation?
Kp = Kc(RT)^delta n
Bonus: Moles of product gas - moles of reactant gas = delta n
What are the three parts of a complex ion?
Metal ion, Ligand, Coordination number
Name each possible indicator for a titration. Then, name its color in its acidic and basic form, its pKa value, and what kind of a titration it would be most useful for.
Bromothymol Blue: Yellow in acidic form, blue in basic form. pKa is 7.0, useful for a strong acid/ strong base titration.
Phenophthalein: Colorless in acidic form, pink in basic form. pKa is 9.3, useful for weak acid/strong base titration.
Methyl red: Red in acidic form, yellow in basic form. pKa is 5.1, useful for strong acid/weak base titration.
Name the five rules for oxidation numbers and their respective exceptions.
1. The oxidation number for an atom in an element is zero.
2. The oxidation number of an ion is equal to its charge.
3. In a compound, hydrogen usually has an oxidation number of +1.
EXCEPTION: In metal hydrides, hydrogen has an oxidation number of -1.
4. In a compound, oxygen usually has an oxidation number of -2
EXCEPTION: In peroxides, oxygen has an oxidation number of -1.
5. In neutral compounds, the oxidation numbers of atoms must add up to zero. In an ion, the oxidation numbers of all atoms must add up to the total charge.