Types of Solids
This type of solid consists of positive metal ions surrounded by a “sea of delocalized electrons.”
metallic solids
What is the strongest: a single, double, or triple bond?
Triple bond
How many valence electrons can most atoms have?
8 — octet rule
What moves between different resonance structures?
electrons (or lone pairs/pi bonds)
What is the first step when determining the molecule’s shape?
Draw the Lewis Structure of the molecule.
Which type of solid’s particles form a lattice structure?
ionic solids
What is the difference between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds?
Nonpolar covalent bonds have similar electronegativity values and share equally, while polar covalent bonds unequally share electrons since there is a difference in electronegativity
What is the first step when starting a lewis diagram?
Find the total number of valence electrons.
What is the sum of formal charges in a neutral molecule?
Zero
What is the hybridization for a molecule with 3 charge clouds?
sp^2
This type of solid is held together by intermolecular forces such as hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole, or London dispersion forces.
molecular solids
Which type of chemical bond involves multiple cations being attracted to a delocalized sea of electrons?
Metallic bonds
Which elements can have up to 6 extra domains of electrons?
Elements in the 3rd row or lower on the periodic table
What is the sum of formal charges for a polyatomic ion?
The total charge of the ion
This is the ideal bond angle for a tetrahedral molecule.
109.5 degrees
Which types of substances do not conduct electricity as a solid? (network covalent, molecular, ionic, and metallic solids)
Ionic solids, network covalent solids (except graphite), and molecular solids
Which bond has a larger dipole P-O or P-F?
P-F because there is a greater difference in electronegativity
Which elements have less than 8 electrons?
H (2 e-), Be (4e-), and B (6e-)
How many resonance structures does nitrate have?
3
This molecular shape results when a central atom has 4 electron domains and 1 lone pair.
Trigonal pyramidal
Order the solids from weakest to strongest forces: network covalent, molecular, ionic, and metallic solids.
Molecular solids
Ionic solids
Metallic solids
Network covalent solids
Order bonds from strongest to weakest: ionic, covalent, and metallic
Ionic > Covalent > Metallic
How do you determine which atom is the central atom in the molecule?
The central atom is the one with the lowest electronegativity.
In the resonance hybrid of the nitrate ion (NO3-), what is the effective bond order for each Nitrogen-Oxygen bond?
1.33 (or 4/3)
The molecular geometry of SF₄, which has 5 electron domains and 1 lone pair, is this shape.
seesaw