Solids, liquids, and gases
How are particles arranged and how do they behave in a solid compared to a gas?
What is in a solid, particles are tightly packed in a fixed, orderly structure and vibrate in place. In a gas, particles are far apart, move freely, and fill the entire volume of their container.
What are the amounts of needed energy to remove an electron from an atom called?
What is binding energy
What is a form of radiation associated with transitions in molecular rotational levels?
What is microwave
What is the strongest net intermolecular force involving large molecules?
What are LDF's
According to the kinetic molecular theory, this is the relationship between temperature and the average kinetic energy of gas particles.
What is direct (as temperature increases, average kinetic energy increases?)?
Why are gases more compressible than solids and liquids?
What are gases are easily compressed because there is a lot of empty space between particles. In solids, the particles are tightly packed with very little space between them.
What will happen to absorption as concentration of a colored substance increases?
What is increase
What is a form of radiation associated with transitions in molecular vibrational levels?
What is infared
What is the interaction between a non polar and polar molecule?
What is dipole-induced-dipole attraction?
This law states that at constant temperatures, the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure.
What is Boyle's Law?
Which states of matter have a definite volume, and how does that affect their shape?
What are solids and liquids have a definite volume, solids also have a definite shape, while liquids take the shape of their container.
What is the procedure for measuring absorption of a substance in a cuvette?
What is rinse with solution, not smudge cuvettes, and align cuvette properly
What is a form of radiation associated with transitions in electronic energy levels?
What is ultraviolet
Dipole dipole interactions are strengthened from the magnitude of the dipole and ___?
What is relative orientation
In an ideal gas, these two types of molecular interactions are assumed to be zero.
What are intermolecular forces and molecular volume?
What happens to the movement of particles as a solid is heated and becomes a liquid?
As a solid is heated, the particles vibrate more rapidly until they have enough energy to overcome some of the forces holding them in place, allowing them to move past one another and become a liquid.
What is the anticipated effect on absorbance as the cuvette moves further away from the absorbance reader?
What is decrease
What is a type of spectroscopy that would be good in determining the identity of an unknown sample of their reddish brown NO2 or colorless N2O4?
What is infared vibrational
What are the three highest electronegative atoms that hydrogen bonds with?
What is nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine
This law relates the rates of effusion of two gases to their molar masses.
What is Graham's Law of Effusion?
Compare the density of solids, liquids, and gases. Which is generally most dense and which is least?
What are solids are generally the most dense, followed by liquids, gases are the least dense because their particles are far apart.
What is the frequency of light needed to remove a valence electron with a binding energy of 0.42 x 10^-18 J?
What is 6.3 x 10^14
What are electromagnetic radiation types classified based on?
What is wavelength?
What is the strongest dipole-dipole interaction?
What are ion-dipole interactions
Real gases deviate most from ideal behavior under these two conditions.
What are low temperatures and high pressure?