Across the period from left to right, this decreases because the nuclear charge (amt. of protons) increases
What is atomic radius
100
Who stated that "all atoms of a given element are identical" and had four postulates in his Atomic Theory
Who is John Dalton
100
What Law justifies the rule that chemical equations must be balanced?
What is the Law of Conservation of Mass
100
The energy required to break the bond between two atoms (give typical units)
What is Bond Energy (kJ/mol)
100
Achieved when the forward and backward reactions continue at the same rate and the concentrations of the reactants and products are constant
What is Dynamic equilibrium
200
The energy required to remove 1 mole of electrons from 1 mole of atoms to produce one mole of ions
What is First ionization energy
200
Who discovered the electron using the cathode ray?
Who is J.J. Thompson (1897)
200
What would be the coefficents of the following equation when balanced?
_C2H6 + _O2 ---> _CO2 + _H2O
What are 2,7,4,6
200
Give the molecular geometry and typical bond angle measurement for phosphorous pentafluoride
What is Trigonal-bypiramidal and 90 degree angles
200
What is the equilibrium constant for:
2KClO3(s) <--> 2KCl(s) + 3O2(g)
What is Kc = [O2]^3
300
Ionization energies are exothermic or endothermic processes?
What is Endothermic
(energy must be "put in" in order to remove electrons
300
What experiment by Ernest Rutherford in 1911 found that 99.95% of the atom's mass is concentrated in the nucleus and the other 0.05% is found in the electrons in orbit?
What is Gold Foil Experiment
300
Name the six strong acids (names, not chemical formulas)
What are Hydrochloric acid, Hydrobromic acid, Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Hydroiodic acid, and Perchloric acid
300
These bonds are formed when an overlap occurs along the internuclear axis of the bond (i.e. overlap of two s orbitals such as in H-H)
What is Sigma bonds (single bonds)
300
A measure of the proportions of the products to reactants at any point in the chemical reaction
What is Reaction Quotient
400
Energy change when one mole of atoms gains one mole of electrons to form one mole of ions
What is First electron affinity
400
What two things did Robert Millikan discover about the electron in 1909 using the Oil-Drop Experiment
What is a) Charge on electron – 1.602 x 10^-19 C and b) Mass of electron – 9.109 x 10^ -31 kg
400
Give the definition of 1) Conjugate acid-base pairs and 2) Amphiprotic substances
What is 1) A pair of substances that differ in formula only by a proton and 2) Substances that can act either as an acid or base
400
Occurs in double and triple bonds because of the sideways overlap above and below the internuclear axis of the bond such as in C=C
What is a Pi bond
400
Give two factors that disrupt chemical equilibrium
What is 1) Temperature change 2) Change in concentration of a reactant or product or 3) Change in volume or pressure (in the case of a gas)
500
What are the units for ionization energies and electron affinities?
What is kj mol-1
500
Give the general idea of Dalton's Four Postulates of Atomic Theory
What is
1. All matter is composed of indivisible atoms
2. Atoms of a given element have a characteristic mass; atoms of a given element have the same properties
3. The relative numbers of any two kinds of atoms in a compound occur in simple ratios
4. A chemical reaction consists of the rearrangement of the atoms present in the reacting substances to give new chemical combinations present in the substances formed by the raction. Atoms are not created, destroyed, or broken into smaller particles by any chemical reaction.
500
Stoicheometry - Excess Mg(s) is added to 100mL of 0.300M HF. at 1 atm pressure, what volume of hydrogen gas will be produced?
What is 0.338 L hydrogen gas
500
What is the molecular geometry of Iodine trichloride and how many lone pairs are there? (please draw it)
What is T-shaped and two Lone Pairs
500
This principle states that a change in the factors that govern the chemical equilibrium of a system will cause the system to respond in a manner that counteracts the change