Equilibrium
At this state, the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction.
What is chemical equilibrium?
A substance that donates protons (H⁺) in an aqueous solution is known as this.
What is an acid?
The mole ratio derived from a balanced chemical equation is used to convert between _____ and _____ of substances.
What are moles and grams?
This phase of matter has a definite shape and volume.
What is a solid?
The study of energy changes in physical and chemical processes.
What is thermodynamics?
The constant that expresses the ratio of the concentrations of products to reactants at equilibrium.
What is the equilibrium constant (K)?
This scale is used to measure the acidity or basicity of a solution.
What is the pH scale?
This law states that the total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products in a chemical reaction.
What is the law of conservation of mass?
When this happens, a substance changes from a liquid to a gas at a temperature below the boiling point.
What is evaporation?
This type of system can exchange both energy and matter with its surroundings.
What is an open system?
This principle states that a system at equilibrium will adjust to counteract any changes imposed on it.
What is Le Chatelier's Principle?
A substance that accepts protons in a reaction.
What is a base?
his calculation involves converting grams of one substance to grams of another using molar mass and mole ratios.
What is a stoichiometric calculation?
The phase transition from gas to liquid is known as this.
What is condensation?
The change in entropy for a reaction that is spontaneous in the forward direction.
What is positive (ΔS > 0)?
In a dynamic equilibrium, the concentrations of reactants and products remain this.
What are constant?
The point at which an acid and base have completely reacted in a titration.
What is the equivalence point?
The volume of one mole of gas at STP (standard temperature and pressure) is approximately this.
What is 22.4 L?
This term refers to the pressure exerted by the vapor of a substance in equilibrium with its liquid or solid phase.
What is vapor pressure?
This law states that the total entropy of an isolated system always increases over time.
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
The equilibrium constant for a reaction written in the reverse direction is the _______ of the forward reaction's K.
What is the inverse?
This is a strong acid that dissociates completely in water.
What is hydrochloric acid (HCl)?
This is the maximum amount of product formed in a reaction based on the limiting reactant.
What is theoretical yield?
This law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature at constant pressure.
What is Charles's Law?
The change in enthalpy (ΔH) plus the change in the product of temperature and entropy (TΔS) defines this.
What is Gibbs free energy (ΔG)?