Kinetics
The relationship between absorbance and concentration.
What is directly proportional?
This is the only factor that changes the value of an equilibrium constant.
What is temperature?
This forms when Qsp is greater than Ksp because there are too many ions.
What is a precipitate?
Group 1 and 2 metal cations (or anions found in strong acids) do not have this reaction with water.
What is hydrolyze or hydrolysis?
A solution that resists changes in pH with the addition of a strong acid or base.
What is a buffer?
These four changes can result in an increase in reaction rate.
What are increasing reactant concentrations, temperature and surface area and using catalysts?
This manipulation to two chemical equations results in the new K value as the product of two initial K values.
What is adding the two chemical equations?
A salt with a general formula of MX2 has a Ksp equal to this equation involving s.
What is 4s3?
Percent ionization depends on molarity, it ________ when molarity decreases.
What is increases?
Buffer capacity depends on concentrations of these two solutions.
What is a weak acid and its conjugate base (or weak base and its conjugate acid)?
This is the half-life equations for a first order reaction.
What is ln(2)/k? or What is 0.693/k?
When the reverse reaction is dominant and the reaction shifts towards the reactants, this is the relationship between Q and K.
What is Q is greater than K?
In the presence of this charged atom or charged molecule, solubility decreases.
What is a common ion?
These are the four regions of a titration curve of a weak acid (flask) with a strong base (buret). [The answer is NOT phase 1, 2, 3 and 4. Be more specific.]
What is pure acid (pH of weak acid), buffer zone, equivalence point, and excess base?
By increasing the concentration of buffer components, this remains the same, but increases the amount of acid or base that it can neutralize.
What is pH?
A mechanism is a series of ________________ that propose the steps by which the particles actually collide.
What are elementary steps?
This change to the system will shift it towards the side with the greater number of aqueous species to re-establish equilibrium.
What is dilution?
In general, this value can ALWAYS be compared when discussing the solubility of two salts.
What is molar solubility (S)?
This periodic trend explains how acids become stronger as atoms undergo this change as you go down a column. (Example: Compare HF with HCl with HBr.)
What is increasing atomic size of the anion?
When a buffer has more _____ than base, it has a greater buffer capacity for added base than added acid.
What is acid?
This state in a reaction energy profile signifies that some bonds are partially formed and some bonds are about to be broken.
What is the activated complex or the transition state?
Losing heat in a system at equilibrium favors this type of reaction.
What is exothermic?
This ion (either nickel or strontium both at 0.10 M) can be added to a solution to FIRST form a precipitate with carbonate ions.
(Ksp for NiCO₃ = 1.3 x 10^-7 & Ksp for SrCO₃ = 9.3 x 10^-10)
What is strontium?
For ionic compounds with basic anions (the conjugate base of a weak acid), solubility ________ as the pH of the solution is decreased. [Example: The solubility of AgF __________ when more hydronium ion is present in solution.]
What is increases?
This is a ______ (true/false) statement: Diluting a buffer solution changes its pH.
What is false?