Digital Info
How many total distinct values can be represented by a 4-bit binary number?
16 distinct values
What unique, numerical label is assigned to every single device connected to the Internet so that it can be located and communicated with?
An IP Address
evaluating the expression 15 MOD 4 will result in what integer value?
3
What is the term for a mistake or error in a program that prevents it from running correctly?
error
What programming structure allows a section of code to repeat multiple times until a condition is met?
a loop
An image is compressed using a technique where some of the original, unnoticeable data is permanently discarded to greatly reduce file size. What type of compression is this?
Lossly compression
What is a network protocol?
A standard set of rules that governs how data is formatted, transmitted, and received between devices on a network.
Evaluate the final result of this Boolean expression: (5 > 3) AND (NOT (10 == 10))
False
What type of programming error does not cause the program to crash, but instead makes it produce an incorrect or unexpected output?
Logic error
What is the primary benefit of using a "Function" (or procedure) in a program?
Code reusability and procedural abstraction (breaking complex problems down and reducing duplicate code).
What is the main advantage of using a lossless compression algorithm over a lossy one?
Lossless compression allows the original data to be perfectly reconstructed without any loss of quality or information.
What is a phishing scam
A cyberattack where scammers send fraudulent messages (often emails or texts) disguised as a legitimate organization to trick individuals into revealing sensitive data like passwords or credit card numbers.
If A is True and B is False, what does the expression (A OR B) AND (NOT B) evaluate to?
True
When programming graphics, what is the term for a single, tiny point of color on a digital screen that combines red, green, and blue light?
A pixel
If a list named scores contains the values [85, 92, 78], what value is retrieved by accessing scores[2] using standard, 1-indexed AP pseudocode?
92
If a digital image uses 24-bit RGB color representation, how many bits are dedicated to representing the color green alone?
8 bits
A student without access to high-speed home internet or a personal computer may struggle to turn in online assignments, watch instructional videos, or join remote classes compared to peers with reliable access, is an example of what idea?
Digital Divide
Under what specific condition will an OR statement evaluate to False?
When all are False
What is the purpose of adding "comments" inside your source code, and how do they affect the execution of the program?
Comments are notes written for human readers to explain what the code does; they are completely ignored by the computer and have zero effect on program execution.
Consider a loop that reduces a countdown variable by 2 each time it runs. If the variable starts at 9 and the loop terminates when the variable is less than 0, how many times will the loop execute?
5 times
What occurs when a computer tries to calculate or store a number that is larger than the maximum value its bits can physically hold?
Overflow error
What protocol is used to securely transmit web pages by encrypting the data sent between a browser and a web server?
HTTPS
the expression NOT (X OR Y) is logically equivalent to which of the following?
A) NOT X OR NOT Y
B) NOT X AND NOT Y
C) X AND Y
B
In programming, what is the term for an expression that evaluates to either strictly true or false?
Boolean
What is the structural difference between a linear search and a binary search algorithm when looking for an item in a list?
Linear search checks every element sequentially and works on unsorted lists; binary search repeatedly divides a sorted list in half, which is much faster but requires the data to be sorted beforehand.