Foundations, Unit 1
This type of data is based on measurable, objective facts like voter turnout and GDP.
What is empirical data?
This leader serves as a symbolic representative of the country, often without real policymaking power.
What is the Head of State?
In this country, the Supreme Leader holds ultimate authority, overshadowing the elected president.
What is Iran?
This function of the legislature involves drafting, debating, and passing laws.
What is lawmaking?
In this country, the Federation Council is an appointed upper house that approves presidential decrees, making the legislature relatively weak.
What is Russia?
This term refers to a state's ability to govern itself without external interference.
What is sovereignty?
his executive power allows leaders to reject legislation passed by the legislature.
What is a veto?
In this country, the executive is led by the General Secretary of the Communist Party, who also holds the role of president.
What is China?
Legislatures monitor the executive branch through hearings, votes of no confidence, and investigations, fulfilling this key function.
What is oversight?
The Majles in this country is an elected legislature, but its power is limited by the Guardian Council, which can veto its decisions.
What is Iran?
This type of legitimacy is based on long-standing customs, traditions, or historical institutions.
What is traditional legitimacy?
In this system, the executive and legislature are separately elected, and the president serves a fixed term.
What is a presidential system?
Nigeria’s federal presidential system was influenced by this country’s model of government.
What is the United States?
This type of legislature has only one chamber and is used in China and Iran.
What is a unicameral legislature?
Nigeria’s legislative branch is modeled after the U.S. Congress and consists of these two houses.
What are the House of Representatives and the Senate?
A government that appears democratic but has elements of authoritarian control is known as this type of regime.
What is a hybrid regime (or illiberal democracy)?
This system blends aspects of presidential and parliamentary governance, with both a president and a prime minister.
What is a semi-presidential system?
While China has a president, real political authority lies in this ruling body that directs party policy and national governance.
What is the Politburo Standing Committee?
In this system, the executive is drawn from and accountable to the legislature, as seen in the United Kingdom.
What is a parliamentary system?
This lower house of Russia’s legislature is elected and can approve laws but remains weak compared to the president.
What is the State Duma?
In this type of political system, laws apply equally to all citizens, and free elections ensure political competition.
What is democracy?
In parliamentary systems, this mechanism allows the legislature to remove a prime minister who loses its support.
What is a vote of no confidence?
This body of clerics oversees the Iranian president and legislature, with the power to veto laws that contradict Islamic principles.
What is the Guardian Council?
This term describes a legislature that lacks real power and simply approves executive decisions, as seen in China’s National People’s Congress.
What is a rubber-stamp legislature?
This is the more powerful chamber of the UK Parliament, where members are elected and can remove the Prime Minister through a vote of no confidence.
What is the House of Commons?
This form of authoritarian governance restricts civil liberties and concentrates power in a ruling elite.
What is rule by law?
This term refers to the process of transferring power from the central government to regional governments.
What is devolution?
In Iran’s theocratic system, this unelected leader has the most executive power, including control over the military and judiciary.
Who is the Supreme Leader?
This term refers to when legislatures and executives in presidential systems refuse to cooperate, slowing down governance.
What is legislative gridlock?
Mexico’s Congress is bicameral, consisting of the Chamber of Deputies and this upper house.
What is the Senate?
Unlike traditional presidential systems, this country’s executive serves a single six-year term with no possibility of reelection, giving the president strong but time-limited power.
What is Mexico?