Programing
What is a variable?
A variable is a named storage location in a program that holds a value which can change.
What is the difference between analog and digital data?
Analog data is continuous (like sound waves); digital data is discrete, represented in binary (0s and 1s).
What does IP stand for?
IP stands for Internet Protocol.
What is an algorithm?
An algorithm is a step-by-step set of instructions to solve a problem or perform a task.
What is phishing?
Phishing is a cyber attack where attackers trick people into revealing personal info.
What does an if statement do?
An if statement makes a decision by executing code only if a specified condition is ture.
What is lossless vs lossy compression?
Lossless compression reduces file size without losing any data; lossy compression removes some data for higher compression but loses some quality.
What does DNS do?
DNS (Domain Name System) translates website names into IP addresses computers use.
What is sequencing, selection, and iteration?
Sequencing means executing instructions in order; selection means choosing actions based on conditions; iteration means repeating actions using loops.
What is encryption?
Encryption converts data into a coded form to prevent unauthorized access.
What is the difference between a for loop and a while loop?
How is data stored in binary?
Data is stored in binary as sequences of bits (0s and 1s) that represent information.
What is packet switching?
Packet switching breaks data into small packets sent independently over the network and reassembled at the destination.
How is a linear search different from a binary search?
Linear search checks each item one by one; binary search divides the data in half repeatedly but requires sorted data.
How can strong passwords help protect personal information?
Strong passwords are harder to guess or crack, protecting accounts from unauthorized access.
What is a parameter in a function?
A parameter is a variable used in a function to accept input values?
Why is cleaning data important before analysis?
Cleaning data removes errors and inconsistencies to make analysis accurate and reliable.
How do routers help send data across the Internet?
Routers direct packets between networks, ensuring data reaches the correct device.
What is the importance of efficiency in algorithms?
Efficiency matters because faster algorithms save time and computing resources.
What are cookies and how do they relate to privacy?
Cookies are small data files stored by websites to track user activity, which raises privacy concerns.
How can you debug a program with unexpected output?
Debugging involves checking code for errors, using print statements, and testing different parts to find where the problem occurs.
How do metadata help in analyzing data?
Metadata provides context about data (like date created, author), helping interpret and organize it.
What is the purpose of TCP/IP?
TCP/IP is a set of protocols that govern how data is sent and received over the Internet.
Explain how a sorting algorithm works (e.g., bubble sort or merge sort).
Bubble sort repeatedly swaps adjacent items if they are in the wrong order until the list is sorted.
What ethical considerations come with AI and big data use?
Ethical concerns with AI and big data include bias, privacy invasion, and misuse of data.