The English Language
All Things Rhetoric
Essay Structure
Argument & Fallacies
The AP Exam
100

A word that indicates a person, place, or thing.

noun

100

The context of a rhetorical act, made up of six elements: speaker, subject, audience, medium, exigence, and purpose.



rhetorical situation

100

One letter only: A discrete rhetorical device, such as parallel structure, staccato sentences, repetition, metaphor, sensory details, language that verbs noun, and more.

X
100

Data that are not impacted by personal feelings or biases, often because they are directly observable or can be measured and quantified.

objective data

100

This is the maximum number of multiple choice questions you could be asked to answer.

55

200

a part of speech that connects any other two elements of the same part of speech. In English, "and" is the most common one of these to join nouns or entire sentences.

conjunction

200

the use of humor, ridicule, irony or exaggeration to make fun of, expose, and/or criticize the actions of a person or organization. The user of this rhetorical device is trying to convince their primary audience to take corrective action.

satire

200

The first sentence(s) of an essay introduction that present(s) a story relevant to the essay's central thesis and that helps the writer to introduce context and exigence.

anecdote hook

200

Reasoning that attacks a person's moral character or personal attributes in order to discredit their argument.

ad hominem

200

This kind of essay is Section II Question 2.

Rhetorical Analysis

300

A catch-all term in linguistics for articles and adjectives that appear directly before nouns and show either relationships between specific nouns or help to indicate the number, gender, or reference (which one?) of nouns. In English, these generally do not indicate grammatical gender. The most common examples in English are "the", "a", "an," "some," "this", "that", and possessives like "my", "your", and "his."

determiner

300

a change in mood, tone, or style, often sudden, in a text.

shift

300

one letter only: The local effect of a discrete rhetorical device in a rhetorical act. Often captured by rhetorical appeals—ethos, pathos, and logos—or by a rhetorical mode.

Y

300

Reasoning that makes a sweeping statement without considering all the facts or all the possible cases.

hasty generalization

300

This is the total number of minutes you will have to write all three essays

135

400

A sentence where the main idea appears at the beginning, and then details "accumulate" in the sentence after the main idea is already expressed.

cumulative sentence

400

a rhetorical mode in which an author furthers an argument by walking a reader or listener through the steps of completing a project or product.

process analysis

400

An argumentative essay thesis statement that presents a main claim or perspective, but does not indicate the evidence pieces or reasons for making that claim that would correspond to the body paragraphs. Ideal for an essay that develops thematically as opposed to providing and defending evidence and reasons.

open thesis statement

400

A syllogism that is condensed into one sentence, often leaving out one of the premises.

enthymeme

400

Consider the maximum number of sources a Synthesis essay could have, based on past tests. What would be the letter of that source?

H

500

Another word for "Old English," this hyphenated Germanic language spoken from the 5th to the 11th centuries in the British Isles forms the grammatical and syntatic basis of modern English.

Anglo-Saxon

500

The apparent attitude of the author on a particular subject. Also, the pitch inflection of a speaker's voice that reflects his/her/* attitude toward a person, place, idea, or action.

tone

500

An argumentative essay thesis statement that directly presents pieces of evidence, which each correspond to a body paragraph in the essay, that support an overall perspective.

evidence-based thesis statement

500

the cherry-picking of evidence (such as data) from a source to support one's argument, often in a way that ignores or misrepresents the larger idea, meaning, or purpose of the source; the seeking of a source or a pattern to fit a presumption.

Texas sharpshooter

500

 According to the five-step synthesis writing process Mr. Reardon taught everyone earlier this semester, this is the step number that involves writing a thesis statement.

2