Term-inal Devices
declarative statements taking a (falsely) interrogative form
What is a rhetorical question?
the relationship between ambiguity and equivocation
What are synonyms?
an implied historical, literary, religious, or mythical references
What are allusions?
Aristotle's appeal to an audience's feelings to cause a reaction and change in their perspective.
What is pathos?
Two of the best tips for success on the multiple choice section.
What is...
[answers will vary]
an implausible figurative exaggeration and conscious distortion of an idea to describe something difficult to explain in simpler terms
What is hyperbole?
an adjective or tone word that is marked by bitterness and a power or will to cut or sting; implies scorn or disapproval that is shown by either verbal or facial expression
What is sardonic?
a sentence that provides several, parallel dependent clauses to build to the actual, delayed message/independent clause
What is a periodic sentence?
An appeal, or type of CLAIM, that is a judgement statement to express approval or disapproval about a belief or moral an audience should have.
What is a claim of value?
An inductive argumentative response where you discuss three or more observations and ideas to lead to a claim.
What is the synthesis essay/prompt?
"We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end. We shall fight in France" is an example of this type of repetition.
What is anaphora?
words that sound alike but have different meanings
What are homonyms?
(homophones)
this manipulative tactic attacks the person and not the problem or position
What is ad hominem?
An assertion that a specific course of action should be instituted as a solution to a systemic problem.
What is a Claim of Policy?
CLAIM
* Context/Subject or Author/title
* 2-4 rationales/grounds or strategies
* warrants/exigence or effect
What are the elements of a thesis statement?
the noun or phrase that precedes and is referred to by a pronoun thereafter (Ms. Cohen ... She)
What is the antecedent? (when discussing syntactical features)
a rhetorical device that uses repetition and parallel form to provide a purposeful/intentional list of uncommon things to connect them to one universal message or idea (i.e. theme)
What is catalogue?
A device used to create contrast by placing two parallel but opposite ideas in a sentence.
EX: “That’s one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.” — Neil Armstrong
What is antithesis?
an HONORABLE term related to exigency
What is kairos?
1 tip for EACH of the three writing prompts
What are...
[answers will vary; must share a tip specific to EACH prompt type]
a rhetorical device in which two or more parallel clauses are balanced against each other by the reversal of their structures in order to produce an artistic effect
EX: “Never let a Fool Kiss You or a Kiss Fool You.”
What is chiasmus?
two ways of NOTING a word, either explicitly or implicitly
What are denotative and connotative?
A form of deductive reasoning that joins two or more major & minor premises to arrive at a conclusion/generalized idea.
EX: “All birds lay eggs. A pigeon is a bird. Therefore, a pigeon lays eggs.”
What is syllogism?
This mode of persuasion means "character" in Greek.
What is ethos?
3 specific things Ms. Cohen advices you to avoid in your writing
What are... [may answer any of the following]
- contractions, especially the "not" ones
- "basically" and other informal transition words
- beginning sentences with conjunctions (FANBOYS)
- capitalization errors, especially "I"
- "I + verb" statements (i.e. I believe...)
- categorical words without specific details or techniques (i.e. "The author used pathos")
- slang and idioms (pretty sure; beat around the bush; gonna)
- rhetorical questions
- writing in pencil or nonstandard ink colors
- writing illegibly
- misspelled words and names spelled for you
- not trying/giving up