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Volcanoes
Soil
Plate Tectonics
Eras
Vocabulary
100
Has a steep, convex slope formed from thick, fast-cooling lava
What is DOME VOLCANO?
100
a phenomenon where productive potential of arid or semiarid land falls by at least 10 percent or more due to human activity and/or climate change
What is DESERTIFICATION?
100
Two plates slide toward each other
What is CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY?
100
Occurred 65 million to 225 million years ago and is often called the "Age of the Reptiles"
What is MESOZOIC ERA?
100
The point on the surface directly above the focus
What is EPICENTER?
200
Broad, shallow volcanic cone, that arises because the running lava, which is fluid and hot, cools slowly. Characterized by gentle sloping cone. Occur along mid-oceanic ridges where seafloor spreading is in progress and along subduction-related volcanic arcs
What is SHIELD VOLCANO?
200
a phenomenon where water that is not absorbed into the soil and evaporates, which leaves behind dissolved salts in topsoil
What is SALINIZATION?
200
Two plates slide apart from each other
What is DIVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY?
200
Most recent of the geological eras and covers the period from 65.5 million years ago to the present
What is CENOZOIC ERA?
200
Earthquake's point of initial rapture
What is FOCUS?
300
Built up from alternate layers of lava and ash, but besides its main crater it has many little craters on its slope. Very tall. Occur near subduction zones
What is COMPOSITE VOLCANO?
300
O(Surface litter) A(Topsoil) E(Zone of leaching) B(Subsoil) C(Weathered parent material) Bedrock/Parent Material
What are HORIZONS?
300
All present day continents derived from one land mass(Pangaea)
What is CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY?
300
Large dinosaurs early in the era were later replaced by lizards, snakes, and early mammal forms
What is MESOZOIC ERA?
300
series of waves created when a body of water is rapidly displaced usually by an earthquake
What is TSUNAMI?
400
Throws out-besides lava-a lot of ash into the air. The volcanic cone is built up from alternate layers of ash and cinder.
What is ASH CINDER VOLCANO?
400
Established U.S. Soil Conservation Service. Mandates the protection of the nation's soil reserves. Deals with soil erosion problems, carries out soil surveys, and does not research on soil salinity
What is SOIL EROSION ACT (1935)?
400
Two plate slide past each other
What is TRANSFORM PLATE BOUNDARY?
400
At the start all life was bacteria, algae, and sponges
What is PALEOZOIC ERA?
400
Any given stratum is older than those above it and younger than those below it
What is SUPERPOSITION?
500
Formed from a long crack in the Earth's surface through which magma erupts. Cracks may form as two tectonic plates pull apart
What is FISSURE VOLCANO?
500
Saturation of soil with water resulting in a rise in the water table. Productive potential of arid or semiarid land falls by at least 10 percent or more due to human activity and/or climate change
What is WATERLOGGING?
500
Occurs at mid-ocean ridges where new oceanic crust is formed through volcanic activity and then gradually moves away from the ridge
What is SEAFLOOR SPREADING THEORY?
500
Continents moved into their current positions
What is CENOZOIC ERA?
500
Occurred during the 1930s in the Midwestern US. Caused by the plowing the prairies and resulted in the loss of natural grasses that rooted the soil. Drought and winds that occurred blew most of the topsoil away
What is DUST BOWL?