Wars
This war began when FTG attacked Silesia and violated the Pragmatic Sanction.
The War of the Austrian Succession
The thought of this scientist made many Europeans desire a rational and mechanistic explanation for everything from machines to politics.
Isaac Newton
This idea more than any other motivated Enlightenment thinkers like Voltaire and Diderot, and political leaders like FTG an Joseph II.
Religious Toleration
Population growth and economic stability began to grow in all parts of Europe because of this innovation, begun in England by people like Jethro Tull.
Agricultural innovation.
The territory east of the Mississippi River and west of the Appalachian mountains was a central feature of these two treaties.
Treaty of Paris (1763) and Treaty o Paris (1783)
This war, largely confined to New Granada and the Caribbean Sea, was between Britain and Spain, and was later merged with the War of the Austrian Succession.
The War of Jenkins' Ear
The thought of this philosophe popularized the thought of Newton and made it available to many more Europeans.
Voltaire
He criticized Enlightenment thinkers for thinking more about material wealth than virtue and moral respectability.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Cesare Beccaria wrote mostly on this topic.
Crime and punishment
This country was partitioned out of existence in 1772, 1793 and 1795.
Poland
This war was fought exclusively in N. America, but eventually involved France, Spain, Denmark and the Netherlands.
The American Revolution
He was the son of Maria Theresa, and was an influential enlightened monarch.
Joseph II
The works of this British woman were vigorously opposed by Rousseau, and others who proposed a more traditional role for women.
Mary Wollstonecraft
His view on the General Will was that society mattered more than the individual, and therefore society was often justified in taking direction against individuals. It was later adopted by dictators and tyrants.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
In what country was peasant life worst in 18th century Europe.
Russia
This war was fought to prevent merger of territories from the Iberian Peninsula to North and South America. Its conclusion made Britain a world power.
The War of the Spanish Succession
The work of this Enlightenment thinker proposed that promoting selfish acquisition of wealth was the key to economic growth.
Adam Smith
He accused both the monarch and the House of Commons of arbitrary rule and corruption, and was denied a seat in Parliament for years even though he was lawfully elected. His views eventually led to Parliamentary reform after the American Revolution.
John Wilkes
Philosophes generally admired the liberal government, religious toleration and economic stability of this country.
Britain
N. America provided raw materials for British industry at the start of the Industrial Revolution. What area of the world provided spices and luxury goods for European markets?
East Indies
The conclusion of this war ceded most European territories in N. America to Britain, but also involved massive amounts of debt for all the participants.
The Seven Years' War
These political actors in Britain believed government patronage and manipulation of Parliament were corrupt and tyrannical.
Commonwealthmen
The enlightened monarchs of central and eastern Europe did little to help these people, who remained poor and chained to the land. The monarchs feared to lose the support of the nobility.
Serfs
Montesquieu believed a monarchy tempered by a reformed aristocracy was possible if this idea was adopted, which later became a central feature of the U.S. Constitution.
Separation of Powers
Prussia and Austria partitioned Poland because they were nervous about military developments in this country.
Russia