Renaissance
This Italian poet and humanist promoted a revival in classical literature.
Who is Petrarch?
This economic policy aimed to increase a nation's wealth through exporting more than importing in order to accumulate gold and silver bullion.
What is a favorable balance of trade?
This Portuguese explorer was the first European to reach India by sea.
Who is Vasco da Gama?
This French theologian established a Protestant community in Geneva and wrote "Institutes of the Christian Religion."
Who is John Calvin?
This 1555 agreement established the principle of "cuius regio, eius religio" in the Holy Roman Empire.
What is the Peace of Augsburg?
This Italian author's work "The Book of the Courtier" outlined the ideal Renaissance man.
Who is Baldassare Castiglione?
This financial innovation allowed multiple investors to pool their capital for large-scale ventures.
What are joint-stock companies?
What is smallpox?
This doctrine, rejected by the Catholic Church, states that the Bible is the sole source of religious authority.
What is sola scriptura?
This 1572 event marked the massacre of thousands of Huguenots in Paris and throughout France.
What is the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre?
This artistic technique, meaning "light-dark" in Italian, was used to create depth and volume in Renaissance paintings.
What is chiaroscuro?
This economic phenomenon, caused by the influx of New World silver, led to widespread inflation in 16th-century Europe.
What is the Price Revolution?
This type of sail, triangular in shape, allowed ships to sail more efficiently against the wind.
What are lateen sails?
This radical Protestant group, persecuted by both Catholics and mainstream Protestants, advocated adult baptism.
Who are the Anabaptists?
This 1648 series of treaties ended both the Thirty Years' War and the Eighty Years' War.
What is the Peace of Westphalia?
This term describes the shift in Renaissance thinking from a focus on the divine to an emphasis on worldly matters.
What is secularism?
This accounting method, developed in Italy, revolutionized bookkeeping for merchants.
What is double-entry bookkeeping?
This system, established by the Spanish in the Americas, granted colonists the labor of indigenous people.
What is the encomienda system?
This event in the Catholic Church initiated the "Counter-Reformation" by affirming Catholic doctrine but reforming practices deemed corrupt.
What is the Council of Trent?
This 1598 edict issued by Henry IV of France granted religious freedoms to the Huguenots.
What is the Edict of Nantes?
This Northern Renaissance artist is known for his detailed engravings and woodcuts.
Who is Albrecht Dürer?
These powerful German bankers rivaled the Medici family in financial influence during the Renaissance.
Who are the Fuggers?
This 1494 treaty divided the New World between Spain and Portugal along a north-south meridian.
What is the Treaty of Tordesillas?
This English Act of 1534 established the monarch as the head of the Church of England.
What is the Act of Supremacy?
This 1618 event in Prague sparked the Thirty Years' War.
What is the Defenestration of Prague?