Cities/Places
During the Industrial Revolution, the country with the most favorable geography and economic and political climates
England
A famine in 1845 when potatoes, the main crop of a certain nation was destroyed by disease.
Irish Potato Famine
1809-1882 English naturalist and scientist whose theory of evolution through natural selection was first published in 'On The Origin of the Species" in 1859.
Charles Darwin
The right for women to vote. Became a popular idea in the 1900s.
Socialists insist on the fair distribution of wealth and resources, the Concert of Europe breaks down, the religious insist on the abolishment of slavery and serfdom
Socialists, Religious, Concert
Country with the most rapid modernization, pushed by Aristocrats. This involved the emancipation of the serfs which eventually led to a notable revolution in 1905
Russia
Started in Great Britain in the late 18th century; centered around three new developments | coal-powered steam engine, textile machines (spinning thread and weaving cloth), and blast furnaces to produce iron; helped increase the growth of the early American economy.
First Industrial Revolution
German philosopher, scholar, and revolutionary who co authored the Communist Manifesto
Karl Marx
An organization formed by workers to strive for better wages and working conditions
Labor Unions
China’s Boxer Rebellion, the Berlin Conference, Rudyard Kipling publishes The White Man’s Burden
Berlin, Burden, Boxer
Gorgeous landmark dedicated to the exhibition of cutting age arts and sciences; tragically perished in a fire
The Crystal Palace
Period between 1815 and 1814 during which the great powers of Europe maintained the balance of power to stamp out revolutionary fires brewing in nations
Concert of Europe
Unpopular leader of Russia who was head of government during the Russian Revolution of 1905
Tsar Alexander II
Many groups including the socialists and Marxists of the 19th century often opposed the idea of a state. They believed society would function better without a government and that governments do nothing but promote exploitation.
Anarchism
Socialism, Spinning jenny, automobiles
Spinning jenny, socialism, automobiles
Dual monarchy created with the hope of stabilizing and creating national unity–altered the balance of power greatly
Austria-Hungary
Saw the overthrow of Charles X and the ascension of Louis-Philippe to the French throne. Marks transition from House of Bourbon to House of Orleans
July Revolution
The founding father of modern political conservative tradition, criticized principles of the French Revolution
Edmund Burke
Term first used by Friedrich Engels to describe the social-political-economic theory first pioneered by Karl Marx.
The term Marx and Engels used to stress to that their ideology was based on an analysis of class conflict
Scientific Socialism
Germ theory, Realpolitik, Italian Unification
Realpolitik, Italy, Germ
Great empire whose weaknesses were exposed by the Crimean War, coupled with tensions in the Balkans
Ottoman Empire
Democratic and nationalist revolutions that swept across Europe during a time after the Congress of Vienna when conservative monarchs were trying to maintain their power. One monarchy was successfully overthrown but four other revolutions failed.
Revolutions of 1848
British philosopher who published On Liberty (1859), advocating individual rights against government intrusion, and The Subjection of Women (1869), on the cause of women's rights (1806-1873)
John Stuart Mill
Reformers who wanted changes like universal male suffrage; the secret ballot; and payment for members of Parliament, so that even workingmen could afford to enter politics.
Chartists
Loss of confidence in objectivity of knowledge, Europe becomes more realist in perspective, shift to modernist art forms and break from traditional romanticism
More realist (due to constant conflict and revolution), loss of confidence, shift to modernism