Famous Friends
This friend was a German monk who helped spark the Protestant Reformation. He wrote the 95 Theses that attacked the Catholic Church for its sale of indulgences.
Martin Luther
This was a two-way exchanges between the Americas and Europe/Africa. Exchanged plants, animals, and diseases that changed lives and landscapes on both sides of the ocean.
Columbian Exchange
The idea that disease was caused by the spread of living organisms that could be controlled by Louis Pasteur.
Germ Theory
1800-1850
-tons of emphasis on individual
-irrational and imaginative
-nature and landscapes
-inner struggles
-rejected order, calm, and balanced scenes
-bold contrasts in color
-"Liberty Leading the People" (Delacroix)
Romanticism
This friend was a strong beliver in the Divine Right of Kings and thought the best form of government was an absolute monarchy. He is also known as the "Sun God".
King Louis XIV
This was a series of wars fought by various nations for various reasons. Began in 1618 when the future Holy Roman emperor Ferdinand II attempted to impose Roman Catholic absolutism on his domains, and the Protestant nobles of both Bohemia and Austria rose up in rebellion. This war ended with the Peace of Westphalia. (1618-1648)
Thirty Years War
Developed by Copernicus who believed the sun was the center of the universe.
Heliocentric Theory
Late 1800s-Early 1900s
-small visible brush strokes
-open composition
-accurate depiction of light
-ordinary subject matter
-unusual angles
-began with painters using more natural methods of using light in their paintings
-"Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette" (Renoir)
Impressionism
This friend is one of the many Enlightenment thinkers. He was an advocate for the freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and separation of church and state. Most known for his satire/criticism of the Catholic Church.
Voltaire
The purpose of this event was to combat heresay in the Catholic Church, it also made sure Jewish converts were practicing catholicism. Established in 1478 by King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella I who used torture and brutal methods that led to widespread suffering.
The Spanish Inquisition
Formulated by Sir Isaac Newton, describes how objects move.
Laws of Motion
-early 1600s-mid/late 1700s
-depth
-very realistic coloring
-very emotional and individualistic
-shading of light and dark
-"Crowning with Thorns" (Caravaggio)
Baroque
Most often referred to as the "father of humanism" and was a scholar and poet of the early Italian Renaissance.
Francis Petrarch
A period of cultural, artistic, political and economic “rebirth” following the Middle Ages. A revival of Classical learning and wisdom.
The Renaissance
Greatly emphasized the importance of inductive reasoning as opposed to deductive reasoning, made by Sir Francis Bacon.
Scientific Method
-late 20th century
-return to "pictorial art"
-based on modern world-advertising, media, and celebrities
-impersonal
-"Campbell's Soup Can" (Warhol)
Pop Art
This friend is the founder of the Jesuits. He believed in the principles of absolute obedience to the papacy, a strict society order, use of education to achieve its goals, and dedication to God.
Ignatius Loyola
A series of civil wars and political conflicts between Royalists and Parliamentarians in the Kingdom of England from 1642 to 1651. Consisted of three major battles and resulted in the execution of Charles I, and establishment of the Commonwealth.
The English Civil War
This was the first satellite launched into space by the Soviet Union. NASA was created in response to this.
Sputnik
1920-1945
-put ordinary objects into strange settings
-hidden symbolism
-began as a literary movement
-goes beyond realism
-relief from the depression and WWI
-different style for each artist
-freedom of interpretation
-centered around the freedom of mind
-"Persistence of Memory" (Dali)
Surrealism