Renaissance & Humanism
This Florentine family were the most famous patrons of the Renaissance arts.
Who are the Medici?
This doctrine, central to the theology of John Calvin, states that God has already determined who will be saved.
What is predestination?
The deadly voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic to the Americas.
What is the Middle Passage?
The political philosophy that grants a monarch ultimate, unchecked authority within his or her realm, as exemplified by Louis XIV.
What is Absolutism?
The small, decentralized, yet highly commercial and religiously tolerant republic that experienced a "Golden Age" in the 17th century.
What is the Dutch Republic (or the Netherlands)?
He authored The Courtier, which described the ideal Renaissance gentleman as skilled in many fields.
Who is Baldassare Castiglione?
Martin Luther asserted that salvation was achieved through this latin term.
What is Sola Fide?
The two monarchs who completed the Reconquista and funded Christopher Columbus's 1492 voyage.
Who are Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile?
The economic minister who advised Louis XIV and was a staunch proponent of mercantilism.
Who is Jean-Baptiste Colbert?
This event in 1688 established a limited monarchy in England with a monarch subject to the law and the will of Parliament.
What is the Glorious Revolution?
The application of this mathematical technique by artists like Masaccio allowed for a three-dimensional effect on a two-dimensional surface.
What is linear perspective?
This devastating conflict (1618-1648) ended with the Peace of Westphalia and devastated the German lands.
What is the Thirty Years' War?
This crop from the New World became a staple food in Europe, contributing to population growth.
What is the potato (or maize/corn)?
The concept in international relations that European states sought to maintain, ensuring no one power dominated the continent.
What is the Balance of Power?
This English political philosopher argued in Leviathan that humans enter a social contract to surrender power to an absolute sovereign to avoid chaos.
Who is Thomas Hobbes?
This Christian Humanist wrote The Praise of Folly, criticizing the corruption and superstition of the Church.
Who is Desiderius Erasmus?
This council met periodically between 1545 and 1563 to reform the Catholic Church and counter the Protestant challenge.
What is the Council of Trent?
A financial arrangement often used in exploration that minimized risk for individual investors by pooling capital.
What is a joint-stock company?
In 1713, this treaty ended the War of the Spanish Succession and prevented the union of the French and Spanish crowns.
What is the Treaty of Utrecht?
A key result of the English Civil War (1642-1651) was the temporary abolition of this.
A key result of the English Civil War (1642-1651) was the temporary abolition of this.
This English Humanist wrote Utopia, envisioning a perfect, imaginary society.
Who is Thomas More?
This Jesuit founder dedicated his life to education and missionary work to spread Catholic doctrine.
Who is Ignatius of Loyola?
This Portuguese prince was instrumental in sponsoring early Atlantic voyages and establishing schools for navigation.
Who is Prince Henry the Navigator?
He was the primary minister to Louis XIII who strengthened the French monarchy by weakening the power of the French nobility.
Who is Cardinal Richelieu?
The systematic division of this country by Russia, Prussia, and Austria in the late 18th century demonstrated the brutal realities of Realpolitik and the balance of power.
What is Poland?