Renaissance and Reformation
This German monk posted the 95 Theses in 1517.
Who was Martin Luther?
This French king is often called the “Sun King.”
Who was Louis XIV?
This Enlightenment idea held that government should be based on the consent of the governed.
What is popular sovereignty?
This was the first country to industrialize.
What is Great Britain?
This Italian statesman was the Prime Minister of Sardinia, and helped unify Italy through diplomacy and war.
Who was Count Cavour?
This humanist wrote The Praise of Folly and criticized corruption in the Church.
Who was Erasmus?
This political theory said the monarch’s power came directly from God.
What is divine right?
This phase of the French Revolution was led by Robespierre and marked by political violence and the guillotine.
What was the Reign of Terror?
This invention by James Watt heated up water, and initially was used to pump water out of coal mines.
What is the steam engine?
This German chancellor helped unify Germany under Prussian leadership.
Who was Otto von Bismarck?
This council met to address the Protestant Reformation and reform the Catholic Church.
What was the Council of Trent?
This scientist formulated the law of universal gravitation.
Who was Isaac Newton?
This French leader became emperor after the Revolution and spread revolutionary ideas across Europe.
Who was Napoleon Bonaparte?
This placed workers and machines in one central location to do their work and house large machinery.
This 19th-century ideology emphasized loyalty to a shared nation, culture, or language.
What is nationalism?
This movement emphasized education, individualism, and the study of classical texts. 'What are people capable of?'
What was humanism?
This thinker argued that governments should have separated powers.
Who was Montesquieu?
The invasion of this country by the Grand Armee in June of 1812 marked the beginning of the end for the French Emperor.
What is Russia?
This social class emerged as a result of industrialization and owned factories or businesses.
What is the bourgeouisie?
This year spread revolutionary and nationalist ideas across Europe thanks to over 50 different revolutions. They were largely unsuccessful, but the ideas would take root.
What was 1848?
"His realm, his religion" was the line from this peace treaty that ended the religious wars in the Holy Roman Empire in 1555.
What is the Peace of Augsburg?
This philosophe believed strongly in freedom, the general will of the people, and advocated for children to be educated differently than adults, despite sending his own kids away.
Who was Rousseau?
This unpopular policy was said to help make the European mainland self-sufficient, but in reality, it was to isolate the British. It was loathed by France's "allies" and led to several wars.
What is the Continental System?
These groups were formed by disgruntled workers due to their lack of power. They used collective bargaining to advocate for better wages, working conditions, and hours.
What were labor unions?
This war between major European countries saw Emperor Napoleon III defeated by the rising German nation. The Battle of Sedan and loss of Alsace–Lorraine was an embarrassment the French would not forget.
What was the Franco-Prussian War?