Italian & Northern Renaissance
European Exploration & State Centralization
The Protestant Reformation
Catholic Response & Religious Wars
Commercial Revolution
100
Which Renaissance theme emphasized worldly achievements instead of purely religious goals?
Secularism
100
New, or Renaissance Monarchies, employed these 4 tactics to strengthen their power
1. Reduce the Power of the Nobility
2. Create efficient systems of taxation
3. Create standing armies
4. Control the religion of their subjects
100
This practice of selling forgiveness for sins was one of Luther’s main criticisms.
Indulgences
100
The term for rulers, such as Elizabeth I and Henry IV (Henry of Navarre) who prioritized political stability over religious conformity
Politique
100
The commercial center of Europe shifted from the Mediterranean to this region during the 16th century.
The Atlantic Seaboard (Britain, Netherlands, France)
200
Patronage from families like the Medici elevated this social group’s status.
The Artist
200
Portugal established a lucrative trading network in this region in the beginning of the 16th century.
India & Southeast Asia
200
Signed into law by Henry VIII, this act of Parliament established the English Monarch as the head of the Church of England
Act of Supremacy (1534)
200
This treaty ends the Thirty Years' War and establishes religious freedom and the right to choose the official religion to states within the Holy Roman Empire.
Peace of Westphalia (1648)
200
This refers to the set of laws drafted in England that made private previously public lands used for communal agriculture.
The Enclosure Movement (1604)
300
This region’s Renaissance was more focused on religious and social reform than classical revival.
Northern Europe
300
These business entities allowed investors to purchase shares of a company, enabling the multiple investors to pool resources to fund costly overseas voyages.
Joint-Stock Companies
300
Name all 4 core tenets of Protestantism
1. Salvation by Faith Alone
2. Primacy of Scripture
3. Baptism & Communion as the only two sacraments
4. Priesthood of All Believers
300
This religious order, founded by Ignatius of Loyola, emphasized education and missionary work.
The Society of Jesus
300
This economic theory emphasized accumulating bullion and maintaining a favorable balance of trade
Mercantilism
400
This Dutch humanist criticized the Catholic Church in In Praise of Folly.
Erasmus
400
This agreement, signed by the pope in 1494, divided newly discovered lands between Spain & Portugal
The Treaty of Tordesillas
400
Calvinism, a protestant branch of Christianity founded by John Calvin in Geneva, Switzerland, is distinguished by this key theological concept
Predestination
400
This meeting (1545–1563) was the Catholic Church’s response to the Reformation.
The Council of Trent
400
As wealth flowed into Europe from overseas, the barter economy based on the trade of mutual services began to be replaced by this type of economy
Money Economy
500
Renaissance literature increasingly shifted away from Latin toward this.
The Vernacular (native, everyday language spoken by people of a certain region)
500
These two European nations dominated trade during the 17th century.
England & the Netherlands
500
The protestant emphasis on the Primacy of Scripture led to the increase in this skill across Europe, for both women and men
Literacy
500
This artistic style was favored by the Church during the counter reformation because of its intensely emotional depictions of religious themes & tendency to communicate the power and authority of the Catholic Church.
Baroch Art
500
This group of prosperous entrepreneurs emerged during the Commercial Revolution and age of Exploration, challenging the economic dominance of the Traditional Nobility
Bourgeoisie
Nobles of the Robe
Middle Class