The Renaissance
The Reformation
Age of Exploration
Absolutism & Constitutionalism
Dutch Golden Age
100
Term for the study of grammar, rhetoric, history, and moral philosophy based on classical models.
Humanism
100
German monk who posted the 95 Theses criticizing the sale of indulgences.
Martin Luther
100
This civilization, located in modern-day Peru, was conquered by Francisco Pizarro.
The Incans
100
This French king, known as the "Sun King," epitomized absolutism.
King Louis XIV
100
Name of the Dutch trading company that dominated commerce in Asia.
The Dutch East Indian Company
200
The author of The Prince, who argued rulers should prioritize power over virtue.
Niccolò Machiavelli 
200
Calvinism, a protestant movement founded by John Calvin, emphasizes this view of salvation
Predestination
200
Portuguese prince who sponsored early exploration along the African coast.
Henry the Navigator
200
English civil war broke out between supporters of the king and supporters of this body.
Parliament
200
Despite being Calvinist, the Dutch Republic was known for this policy toward religious minorities.
Religious Tolerance
300
Renaissance humanists mainly looked to the writings of these two ancient civilizations
Ancient Greece and Rome
300
This religious order, founded by Ignatius of Loyola, focused on education, missionary work, and combating Protestantism
Society of Jesus / The Jesuits
300
Spanish system of forced labor in the Americas.
The Encomienda System
300
Dutch leader who became king of England after the Glorious Revolution
William of Orange
300
This Dutch painter became famous for his masterful use of light and shadow in works like The Night Watch.
Rembrandt
400
Unlike the Italian Renaissance, Northern Renaissance art placed greater emphasis on this aspect.
Religion
400
Movement encouraging stricter piety, new religious orders, and a return to spiritual discipline within Catholicism.
The Catholic Reformation
400
The exchange of large quantities of silver, especially from the Americas, led to this major economic crisis in 16th-century Spain.
The Price Revolution
400
English philosopher who defended the idea of the "social contract" in Leviathan.
Thomas Hobbes
400
The Dutch lost many of their overseas possessions to this rising European power by the late 17th century.
England / Great Britain
500
A political philosophy emphasizing the importance of active participation in public life and the role of classical learning in shaping responsible citizens.
Civic Humanism
500
Spanish monarch who launched the Spanish Armada against Protestant England.
King Phillip II of Spain
500
1494 treaty that divided the newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal.
Treaty of Tordesillas
500
Finance minister under Louis XIV who strengthened the French economy through mercantilist policies.
Jean-Baptiste Colbert
500
This genre of Dutch Golden Age painting focused on quiet scenes of middle-class domestic life, emphasizing order, morality, and everyday routines.
Genre Painting / Domesticity