People and Ideas
an intellectual movement during the Renaissance that shifted focus from medieval theology to the study of classical Greek and Roman art, literature, and human potential
What is Humanism?
cultural and intellectual "rebirth"
What is the Renaissance?
Machiavelli’s work on how rulers can gain and maintain power
What is the Prince?
Expansion of lending, credit, and financial services helped support trade and governments
What is banking?
Common shorthand for religious, economic, and political motives for exploration
What are the 3G's?
Father of Humanism
Who is Petrarch?
Helped spread Renaissance ideas, literacy, and access to books
What is the printing press?
important tool used by monarchs to finance governments and armies
What is taxation?
Economic system based on private ownership, investment, and profit
What is capitalism?
Transfer of plants, animals, diseases, people, and goods between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres
What is the Columbian Exchange?
famously wrote that it is safer for a ruler to be feared than loved
Who is Machiavelli?
financial support of artists and scholars by elites
What is patronage?
Banking family that exercised major political influence in Florence
Who are the Medicis?
company in which investors pooled resources and shared risks and profits
What is a joint stock company?
Small, maneuverable ship used during early European exploration
What is the caravel?
Christian humanist who criticized Church abuses
Who was Erasmus?
focus on worldly, non-religious life, human reason, and individual achievement instead of centering everything on church authority
What is secularism?
1494 agreement brokered by the Pope that divided the non-European world between Spain and Portugal along an imaginary north-south line in the Atlantic Ocean
What is the Treaty of Tordesillas?
Period of inflation caused partly by the influx of American silver
What is the Price Revolution?
Maritime trading empire with holdings in Africa, Asia, and Brazil
What is the Portuguese Empire?
wrote The Book of the Courtier
Who is Castiglione?
title of Thomas More’s work; used an imaginary society to critique European social and political problems
What is Utopia?
Growing administrative systems used by monarchs to govern more effectively
What is bureaucracy?
Expansion of European trade, banking, investment, and markets
What is the Commercial Revolution?
led expedition associated with the first circumnavigation of the globe
Who is Magellan?