Miscellaneous Persons
This London lawyer wrote, "Utopia," outlining what he believed to be the idealistic society
Who is Thomas More?
The second daughter of Henry VIII, who led England to a stunning victory over the Spanish armada and launched the Golden Age of English history.
Who is Elizabeth I?
This radical Reformation group believed that adults should be baptized rather than infants and a return to literal practices of the early Christian church.
Who are the Anabaptists?
This man was the chief rival of Charles V.
Who is Francis I of France?
Known as the Society of Jesus, this group became the chief instrument of the Catholic Reformation.
Who are the Jesuits?
This man was a great friend to Luther, setting the stage for relgious humanism through his "philosophy of Christ."
Who is Erasmus?
The Act of _____________ designated the monarch in England as "the only supreme governor of this realm."
What is Supremacy?
Believers in "predestination," this Protestant group was centered in Geneva and became one of the international forms of Protestantism.
What is Calvinism?
This was the name of the Ottoman leader who defeated Christians and took control of most of North Africa, moving into Austria and as far as Hungary.
Who is Suleiman the Magnificent?
This event was a general council of Christendom, called together to resolve the religious differences of Protestant revolt.
What is the Council of Trent?
This theologian promoted a belief in the concept of predestination, which decreed that God has already chosen who will be saved and who will be damned.
Who is John Calvin?
This Protestant religious group, emerging from the Anglican church, wanted to remove any trace of Catholicism from the Church of England.
What are the Puritans?
A product of Swiss cantons, this Reformer preached the Gospel and caused such a stir that a city council held a debate over it, ultimately leading to the Reformer's victory.
Who is Ulrich Zwingli?
This event marked the "turning point" in the history of the Reformation, acknowledging the division of Christianity and granting equal legal standing to Protestants.
What is the Peace of Augsburg?
The name of the only surviving male heir to the throne of Henry VIII.
What is Edward IV?
This former Catholic warrior founded the Society of Jesus, who would carry out the military aspirations of the papacy.
Who is St. Ignatius of Loyola?
The second wife of Henry VIII, she met her unfortunate end at the executioner's blade when she couldn't produce a male heir and was accused of having an affair with her brother.
Who is Anne Boleyn?
This pope, a big contributor to the arts, held a special jubilee indulgence to fund the building of St. Peter's Basilica in 1517.
Who is Leo X?
A defensive alliance of Lutheran princes and imperial cities vowing to "assist each other" against the forces of Catholicism and Charles V.
What is the Schmalkaldic League?
Turkish encroachment into the Mediterranean was stopped when the Spanish defeated the Muslims at this famous battle.
What is the Battle of Lepanto?
This Spanish king was known as a "militant Catholic," and attempted to thwart Protestants in the Netherlands and eventually attempted to invade England.
Who is Philip II?
This wife of Henry VIII, who died in childbirth, gave Henry his only legitimate male heir to the throne.
Who is Jane Seymour?
This order was given by Henry of Navarre in France after the religious civil wars in France -- recognized religious toleration in that state.
What is the Edict of Nantes?
This is the name of the Spanish dynasty, which happened to control the HRE as well for a majority of its existence.
What is the Habsburg dynasty?
This was the turning point in the conflict between the Huguenots and the ultra-Catholics who formed the "Holy League," following the events of the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre.
What is The War of the Three Henries?
This ruler in the Netherlands, a Protestant, sought to untie all of the provinces in the Netherlands against the king of Spain.
Who was William of Orange?
Elizabeth I took her cousin Mary Queen of Scots into her care after Protestants overthrew the Scottish throne. What was her eventual fate and why?
Elizabeth had Mary beheaded as a result of Catholic conspiracies to unseat the Queen of England and replace her with Mary Queen of Scots.
Term for Protestants in France during the French Wars of Religion.
What are the Huguenots?
This war was known as the last of the religious wars in Europe, during this period.
This peace settlement ended the Thirty Years War, with the reaffirmation of the Peace of Augsburg and the recognized independence of the Dutch Republic, among other things.
What is the Peace of Westphalia?