vocab
a member of any of the bands of English workers who destroyed machinery, especially in cotton and woolen mills, that they believed was threatening their jobs (1811–16).
Luddites
the replacement of human labor with technology or machines.
mechanization
A time when new inventions such as the seed drill and the steel plow made farming easier and faster. The production of food rose dramatically.
agricultural revolution
Scottish engineer and inventor whose improvements in the steam engine led to its wide use in industry
James Watt
money used for investment
capital
process in which working people, through their unions, negotiate contracts with their employers to determine their terms of employment, including pay, benefits, hours, leave, job health and safety policies, ways to balance work and family, and more.
collective bargaining
A fabric made by weaving, used in making clothing
textiles
English law prohibiting underground work for all women and girls as well as for boys under ten.
Mine Act of 1842
Often recognized as the father of communism.
Karl Marx
Reformers who wanted changes like universal male suffrage; the secret ballot; and payment for members of Parliament, so that even workingmen could afford to enter politics. Daily Double
Chartists
the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass production of steel
Bessemer Process
Process of making large quantities of a product quickly and cheaply
mass production
When the main crop of Ireland was destroyed by disease
Irish Potato Famine
developed the code used to transmit information using the telegraph
Samuel Morse
Arguably the most famous English philosopher and politician of the 1800s. Champion of liberty over unlimited state control. Also famous for adding falsification as a key component of the scientific method.
John Stuart Mill
Employees shall have the right. . . to engage in other concerted activities for the purpose of collective bargaining or other mutual aid or protection
strike
Movement of individuals or groups from one position in a society's stratification system to another. Daily Double
social mobility
the merging of historically distinct and separate national markets into one huge global marketplace
Globalization of Markets
developed the railroad telegraph, a device that transmitted messages, through static electricity, between moving trains and the telegraphony
Granville Woods
A Prussian led customs union created to improve trade between German states
Zolleverein
These laws forbade the importation of foreign grain without the prices in England rising substantially
corn laws
An improvement of an existing technological product, system, or method of doing something.
innovation
An act that limited the factory workday for children between nine and thirteen years of age to eight hours and that of adolescents between fourteen and eighteen years of age to twelve hours.
Factory Act of 1833
a prominent 400-year-old German dynasty from Essen, have become famous for their steel production and for their manufacture of ammunition and armaments. They were the largest company in Europe by the beginning of the 20th century.
Krupp Family
This man started the political view of conservatism by writing that society was a contract where the state was like a partner. No generation could destroy this contract, and had to preserve it and transfer it to the next generation. He was against violent revolutions and instead believed in gradual change/improvements.
Edmund Burke