Monarchs
(1672-1725) Russian tsar (r. 1689-1725). He enthusiastically introduced Western languages and technologies to the Russian elite, moving the capital from Moscow to the new city of St. Petersburg.
Peter the Great
1701 act of Parliament uniting England and Scotland into one kingdom: Great Britain. Intended to strengthen England against France. Abolished the Scottish Parliament.
Act of Union
English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings (1588-1679)
Thomas Hobbes
To place political issues ahead of religious principles.
Politique
Broke out as Peter attacked Sweden(with assistance from Poland and Denmark) in his quest to establish a Russian trading port on the Baltic.
Great Northern War
Called the "Merry Monarch" because the Puritan restrictions were removed during period called the Restoration
Charles II
Signed on 13 April 1598, the ___ granted rights to France's Calvinist Protestants, known as Huguenots.
The Edict of Nantes
An advocate of the divine right of kings, by which their power was absolute and could not be disobeyed; wrote: "Politics Drawn from the Very Words of Holy Scripture."
Jacques Bossuet
A series of revolts in France from 1648-1653 challenged the authority of young King Louis XIV (r. 1643-1715) and his minister Mazarin. The revolt left a lasting impression on Louis XIV, who designed his policies to prevent future rebellions.
Fronde
Chief minister to Henry IV's weak son, Louis XIII of France. He worked to establish absolute rule by weakening the nobles and Huguenots and employing intendants
Cardinal Richelieu
He ruled from 1643-1715, the longest reign in French history. He constructed Versailles, believed in the divine right of kings, engaged in many wars, and established absolutism in France.
Louis XIV
Louis XIV revoked the Edict of Nantes, provided for the destruction of Huguenot churches and closing of Protestant schools, mass exodus of Huguenots weakened the French economy and strengthened its rivals - major mistake of Louis XIV
Treaty of Fountainbleu
Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, known by his stage name Molière, was a French playwright and actor who is considered one of the greatest masters of comedy in Western literature.
Moliere
A system that emerged in response to the threat posed by Louis XIV. No one country would be allowed to dominate the continent since many other countries would rally against a threatening power.
Balance of Power
Louis XIV powerful chief minister and rumored to be his biological father. The successor of Cardinal Richelieu who helped him build a centralized government. he crushed the Fronde who were trying to threaten the centralized government
Cardinal Mazarin
This was the queen of Austria as a result of the Pragmatic Sanction. She limited the papacy's political influence in Austria, strengthened her central bureaucracy, and cautiously reduced the power that nobles had over their serfs.
Maria Theresa
This was the act passed by Charles VI that stated that Hapsburg possessions were never to be divided, to allow his daughter Maria Theresa to be the ruler.
Pragmatic Sanction
Financial minister for Louis XIV furthered prosperity by promoting good farming methods, building roads and canals (infrastructure), expanded existing industries with tariffs, added new industries with subsidies, and increased mercantilism by establishing French trading posts in India and North American colonies.
Jean Colbert
A major reversal of diplomatic alliances. Great Britain reversed its alliance with Austria and forged a relationship with Prussia, causing France to join Austria and Russia to check Prussian power.
Diplomatic Revolution
Officials of the French absolute rulers who were dispensed as regional representatives into French provinces to consolidate the Crown's control.
Intendants
Announced he wasn't bound by the Pragmatic Sanction because his father signed it and he had not. During the War of Austrian Succession. He invaded Silesia, one of the richest Habsburg provinces.
Fredrick II
1628. Signed by Charles I. No imprisonment without due cause; no taxes levied without Parliament's consent; soldiers not housed in private homes; no martial law during peacetime.
Petition of Right
New nobles who purchased their titles from the monarchy became high officials in the government and remained loyal to the king.
Robe Nobles
A popular style in Europe in the eighteenth century, known for its soft pastels, ornate interiors, sentimental portraits, and starry-eyed lovers protected by hovering cupids.
Rococo
Chief minister to Henry IV. Reforms enhanced the power of the monarchy. Mercantilism. Reduced royal debt. Reformed tax system. Oversaw improved transportation.
Duke of Sully