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Key Terms
Key Individuals
Key Events
Miscellaneous
Miscellaneous II
100
Economic philosophy calling for close government regulation to maximize exports and limit imports for a favorable balance of trade that would enable a country to accumulate reserves of gold and silver.
What is Mercantilism
100
Renaissance political philosopher who wrote The Prince which offered a pessimistic view of human nature and urged rulers to base policy upon the principle that the end justifies the mean
Who is Niccolo Machiavelli
100
Agreement that created the European Union (EU), the world's largest single economic market, and created a central bank for the EU
What is the Maastricht Treaty
100
During the Renaissance, these people sought to combine classical ideals with Christian virtues.
Who are the Christian/Northern Humanists
100
This Russian czar began a program of modernization, constructed St. Petersburg, and defeated Sweden in the Great Northern War
Who is Peter the Great
200
The process by which British landlords consolidated or fenced in common lands to increase the production of cash crops, which led to an increase in the size of farms held by large landowners.
What is the Enclosure Movement
200
Polish clergyman and astronomer who wrote On the Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres, which challenged the widespread belief in the geocentric theory by offering a new heliocentric model of the universe.
Who is Nicolaus Copernicus
200
1919 peace that returned Alsace-Lorraine to France & dissolved Austria-Hungary in to separate states, created the League of Nations, and forced Germany to sign a war-guilt clause
What is the Treaty of Versailles (1919)
200
The interchange of plants, animals, diseases, and human populations between the Old World and the New World during the Age of Exploration
What is the Columbian Exchange
200
This philosophe believed that individuals entered into a social contract with one another and that sovereign power resides in the general will of the community
Who is Jean Jacques Rousseau
300
Name given to the reaction against the radicalism of the French Revolution; it is associated with the end of the Reign of Terror and reassertion of bourgeoise power in the Directory
What is Thermidorian Reaction
300
English philosopher who wrote The Second Treatise of Government in which he formulated his theory of natural rights, arguing that people are born with basic rights to "life, liberty, and property"
Who is John Locke
300
Issued by Henry IV of France, this granted religious toleration to French Protestants and marked the first formal recognition by a European national monarchy that two religions could coexist in the same country
What is the Edict of Nantes (1598)
300
Peasant attacks on monasteries, castles, and prosperous farms led Martin Luther to urge the nobility to crush the rebellion during this event
What is the German Peasants' War (1525)
300
This radical group in the Legislative Assembly during the French Revolution wanted to involve France in a war that would discredit the monarchy and extend France's revolutionary ideals across Europe
Who are the Girondists
400
Prosperous landowning peasants in czarist Russia, who Stalin accused of being class enemies of the poorer peasants
Who are the Kulaks
400
British writer, philosopher, and feminist who wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, which argued that women are not naturally inferior to men and deserve the same fundamental rights
Who is Mary Wollstonecraft
400
1815 settlement after the defeat of Napoleon that sought to restore the balance of power in Europe. It restored the Bourbons to the French throne, united Belgium with the Netherlands to form a single kingdom of the Netherlands, and created a loose confederation of 39 German states, dominated by Austria
What is the Congress of Vienna
400
This Dutch city was Europe's leading commercial center during the 17th century
What is Amsterdam
400
Philosophical and artistic movement in the late-18th and early-19th centuries that represented a reaction against the Neoclassical emphasis upon reason, and stressed emotion and the contemplation of nature
What is Romanticism
500
Policy initiated by Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev in the mid-1980s that resulted in a new openness of speech, reduced censorship, and greater criticism of Communist Party policies.
What is Glasnost
500
Scientific socialist who coauthored The Communist Manifesto; he believed that the history of class conflict is a dialectical process of thesis, antithesis, and synthesis
Who is Karl Marx
500
1648 peace ending the Thirty Years' War. It recognized Calvinism as a legitimate faith, the sovereign independent authority of over 300 German states, granted Sweden additional territory and acknowledged the independence of the United Provinces of the Netherlands
What is the Peace of Westphalia
500
The series of rebellions against royal authority in France between 1649 and 1652 during young Louis XIV's rule. It played a key role in Louis' decision to leave Paris and build the Palace of Versailles
What is the Fronde
500
In the aftermath of WWI, a committee of experts devised a plan to reestablish a sound German currency and reduce reparation payments. By providing a series of American loans to Germany, the German economy was revitalized, ending the inflationary spiral
What is the Dawes Plan