Renaissance & Expansion
This author of Utopia was ultimately martyred for his Catholic beliefs and refusal to take the Oath of Supremacy
Who is Thomas More?
An Augustinian monk who believed in "salvation by faith alone".
Who is Martin Luther?
A monarch receives the right to rule directly from God and not from the people
What is Divine Right theory?
This style of art, a revival of ancient sensibilities and themes, was inspired in part by the rediscovery and archaeological investigation of the ruins of Pompeii in the 1740s
What is Neoclassicism?
This violent uprising in Paris on July 14, 1789, inadvertently saved the National Assembly. Paris was now lost to the king
What is the storming of the Bastille?
The economic system implemented in Spain's New World colonies that granted sweeping powers to Spanish landholders over their indigenous tenants.
What is the Encomienda system?
A "left-wing" Christian sect that didn't believe in swearing oaths to any church or ruler, and were very tolerant of other views (but faced great persecution for their views...)
Who were the Anabaptists?
This Englishman claimed each person has the right to “life, liberty and property.”
Who is John Locke?
He developed the laws of universal gravitation.
Who is Isaac Newton?
This group claimed, with their Tennis Court Oath, that they would not disband until they developed a Constitution for France
What is the National Assembly?
This new technology, introduced by Johannes Gutenburg in Mainz in 1455, ultimately revolutionized the communication of ideas in Europe (and the world).
What is the printing press?
This humiliating peace treaty, which established the principle of "Whose region, his religion" in the Holy Roman Empire in 1555, contributed to the abdication of Charles V.
What is the Peace of Augsburg?
This French finance minister in the 17th century spearheaded the country's implementation of mercantilist policies
Who was Jean-Baptiste Colbert?
Montesquieu is most widely known for developing this concept in government
What is "separation of powers" in government?
In August of 1789, this social system was abolished by the National Assembly, and freed French peasants of their obligations to the aristocratic classes.
What is feudalism/serfdom/manorialism?
This father of Humanism often wrote letters addressed to ancient philosophers, deploring the ignorance and moral depravity of contemporary Europe
Who is Petrarch?
Conference held by Catholic clergy to reform abuses and errors in the Church and affirm traditional Church teachings
What is the Council of Trent?
This group was forcibly removed from many countries in Western and Central Europe in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Period, including Spain in 1492.
Who are the Jews?
Territories that were divided by its more powerful neighbours (Austria, Russia and Prussia) to restore the regional balance of power in Central Europe among those three countries.
What is the Partition of Poland?
This man led the Committee of Public Safety and was prominent during the Reign of Terror
Who is Robespierre?
Author of The Prince, an ostensible guidebook for monarchs
Who is Machiavelli?
This king of England embraced the Reformation for practical and dynastic reasons, rather than theological ones.
Who was Henry VIII?
The events of 1688–89 that resulted in the deposition of James II and the accession of his daughter Mary II and her husband, William III, prince of Orange to the throne of England.
What is the Glorious Revolution?
Diderot is most well known for having completed this monumental project in the 1760s.
What is the Encyclopedia?
Following defeat at the Battle of Trafalgar, Napoleon attempted to subdue British resistance by implementing this economic system.
What is the Continental System?
These two monarchs united Spain in the late 15th c. and established the reconquista.
Who are Ferdinand and Isabella?
This 1598 proclamation by Henry IV allowed toleration for the Huguenots in France.
What is the Edict of Nantes?
The construction of this city during Peter the Great's reign created a "Window to the West," but may also have claimed as many as 100,000 workers' lives.
What is St. Petersburg?
Author of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792), in which she argues that women are not naturally inferior to men, but appear to be only because they lack education.
Who is Mary Wollstonecraft?
The march on Versailles began among women in the marketplaces of Paris who, on the morning of October 5, 1789, were nearly rioting over this grievance
What is the high price of bread?
Author of In Praise of Folly, a powerful critique of Catholic Church abuses.
Who is Erasmus?
John Calvin's ideas, actions and sermons contributed to the Protestant Reformation movement and transformed this Swiss city into an intellectual capital in Europe.
What is Geneva?
Growing economic prosperity in this newly independent state in 17th century Europe led to growing concerns about morality (in part fueled by the dominant Calvinist religious beliefs)
What is the Netherlands/Dutch Golden Age?
His economic system was one in which the market-determined wages and was comprised of free rather than government-constrained enterprise, later known as laissez-faire capitalism.
Who is Adam Smith?
The republican political factions that took shape in the National Convention in 1792-93.
Who were the Girondins and the Jacobins?
This humanistic Renaissance painting by Raphael has Plato and Aristotle at its center.
What is The School of Athens?
This bloody event occurred in 1572 when Catharine de Medici cracked down on Huguenots following the marriage of her daughter
What is the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre?
He supposedly stated "L'etat, c'est moi" ("I am the state"), a reflection of his absolutist power.
Who is Louis XIV, the Sun King?
New crops from the New World helped improve European diets. The flow of foods across the Atlantic was known as this.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
In 1802-1803, French military forces were defeated by an insurrection in this island nation, which hereafter gained its independence and was lost as an overseas colony
What is Saint-Domingue/Haiti?
The consolidation and centralization of power by royal families over rival social classes, such as nobles and the Church, in 15th - 16th century Europe (as exemplified by the rise of the Valois dynasty in France)
Who are the New Monarchs/What are the New Monarchies?
This Dominican preacher was severely criticized by Martin Luther for selling indulgences in Germany.
Who is
Johann Tetzel?
This king of England attempted to subvert the traditional prerogatives of parliament, and paid for it with his head in 1649.
Who is Charles I?
The appropriation and privatization of "common land," leading to better agricultural development and efficiency while simultaneously depriving commoners of their rights of access and privilege.
What the enclosure system?
The Concordat established a compromise deal between the French government under First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte and this entity.
What is the Catholic Church?
German painter whose self-portraits demonstrated the Christian influences of the Northern Renaissance.
Who is Albrecht Durer?
Peace Treaty signed in 1648 that ended the Thirty Years' War and brought peace to the Holy Roman Empire
What is the Treaty/Peace of Westphalia?
An edict issued by Charles VI on April 19, 1713, to ensure that the Habsburg hereditary possessions could be inherited by a daughter, Maria Theresa
What is the Pragmatic Sanction?
This French writer highlighted the destruction of the churches of Lisbon, Portugal by a massive earthquake as an example of the folly of Christian religious belief.
Who is Voltaire?
This final battle put an end to Napoleon's attempt to reclaim his Empire during the Hundred Days in 1815.
What is the Battle of Waterloo?