Enlightened Despotism
This was the first and only female Hapsburg Monarch.
Who is Maria Theresa?
This astronomer was condemned by the Catholic Church for his heliocentric findings of the universe
Who is Galileo?
This German composer perfected the techniques of Baroque musical style, stating that "music was above all a means to worship God"
Who is Johann Sebastian Bach?
These were first printed in London in 1702, and by 1780, had become a cheap and easy way to publish important information to the general public...
What are daily newspapers?
Another name for the geocentric universal model, named after the greatest astronomer of antiquity, was disproved by Copernicus and Galileo...
What is the Ptolemaic conception of the universe?
This Prussian leader who is largely recognized as a military mastermind increased the power of Prussia.
Who is Frederick II?
His findings on the universal laws of gravitation culminated in a new picture of the universe in which it was viewed as a great "machine" operating according to natural laws.
Who is Sir Isaac Newton?
This book contained a vast collection of Enlightenment ideas and Scientific Theories.
What is the Encyclopedie?
This religious experience, created in Germany, was aimed at creating a more "personal" connection with God for Protestant churchgoers...
What is pietism?
Astronomer who used Brahe's data to confirm the three laws of planetary motion, confirming Copernicus's heliocentric theory...
Who is Johannes Kepler?
These include freedom of worship, freedom of speech and the press, right to assemble and hold property...
What are natural rights or laws?
This medicinal revolutionary of the seventeenth century demonstrated that the heart, not the liver, was the beginning point of the circulation of blood in the body.
Who is William Harvey?
This Philosophe wrote the book The Spirit of Laws which argued for the separation of powers.
Who is Baron de Montesquieu?
This classical composer wrote more than 600 musical compositions including the operas The Marriage of Figaro and The Magic Flute.
Who is Mozart?
This alcoholic drink in England, mostly consumed by the poorest classes, contributed to higher rates of drunkenness in the eighteenth century...
What is gin?
This enlightened ruler successes included expanding the territories of the state westward into Poland and southward to the Black Sea while defeated the Ottoman Turks, despite a peasant revolt in 1773...
Who is Catherine the Great of Russia?
This eighteenth century chemist is responsible for inventing a system of naming the chemical elements...
Who is Antoine Lavoisier?
A spiritual movement created by Voltaire and Diderot that advocated the 'clockmaker theory', in essence, that God created the universe but has no hand in the day-to-day events.
What is Deism?
A musical giant of the Enlightenment whose Messiah has been called "one of the rare works that appeal immediately to everyone"
Who is George Frederick Handel?
This Italian philosophe argued that punishments served only as deterrents, not as exercises in brutality and believed that imprisonment made a far more lasting impression...
Who is Cesare Beccaria?
This enlightened monarch made many reforms in Austria including religious toleration and compulsory education for boys.
Who is Joseph II?
She was one of the most prominent scientists of the seventeenth century, who in 1668, challenged rationalism and empiricist approaches to scientific knowledge as methods to mastering nature, leading the way for other women in England and France to work in science.
Who is Margaret Cavendish?
A political concept made popular by Jean-Jacques Rousseau in which all individuals participated and made laws according to the 'general will'.
What is the Social Contract?
This artistic movement of the nineteenth century, formed as a counter-reaction to the Enlightenment, focusing on inspirationalism and individualism, much like humanism during the Renaissance...
What is Romanticism?
This new innovative style of decoration and architecture in Europe emphasized grace and gentle actions, rejecting geometric patterns and promoting secularism with its lightness and charm...
What is Rococo?