Northern & Italian Renaissance
A scholar from the early Italian Renaissance and humanist who often wrote letters to Cicero.
Who is Petrarch?
They were born in France, read Luther's writing in which they agreed with most of their beliefs, believed in Predestination, and became politically powerful.
Who is John Calvin?
Absolute power, no one can go against the Monarch's rule. (Complete control over religion, economy, government).
A Monarchy limited by documents, constitution, laws, judicial decisions, legislative body, and parliament.
What is Absolutism and Constitutional Monarchy?
The theory that the Earth was the center of the Universe & the theory that the sun was the center of the universe, and that the planets revolve around it.
What is Geo centralism & Heliocentric?
A movement where people began to question the Universe and the Church based off Science.
What is the Enlightenment?
The revival of study of classical work, first starting at Italy than spreading across Western Europe.
What was Humanism?
The start was just a religious conflict between the Catholic Holy Roman Emperor and Protestant subjects of Bohemia, later on made to a world-wide conflict for Balance of Power. This conflict started with the Defenestration of Prague in which Protestants were rebelling against Ferdinand II for revoking a letter as a political protest, in which led to a massive war.
What was the Thirty Years War?
Who is Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, Issac Newton, Tycho Brahe, and Johannes Kepler?
Deity created the world but doesn't intervene history or tamper with Natural Law.
What is Deism?
A Treaty ending both the Thirty Years War and the Protestant Reformation making this the last major religious War in Europe.
What is the Treaty of Westphalia?
In England at the time, it was a struggle between a conflict for those who wanted an Absolute Monarchy and those that wanted to govern themselves.
What was Thomas Hobbes vs. John Locke
An event that made reformed orders (Carmelite Nun, St. Teresa of Avila), Ignatius of Loyola schools called The Society of Jesus, beginning of Jesuits, and The Ursuline Order.
What was the New Religious Order?
Contained articles from about 20 Thinkers; Illustrations; variety of topics, criticized the church, and many of them went to prison because of this writing.
What was the 1st Encyclopedia?
This started (war/conflict) 1559-1598, Council of Trent 1545-1563, Peace of Augsburg was established, New ruling family, all groups wanted political and economic power, St. Bartholomew's Massacre, 30 years war (3 Henry's war), Edict of Nantes.
What was the French War of Religion?