BLOOD VESSELS
What is the innermost tunic that is in contact with the blood and contains the endothelium called?
Tunica intima
Where are germinal centers found, and what specific type of immune cell is proliferating here?
Found in lymphoid follicles; B cell proliferation
What are the four cardinal signs of acute inflammation?
Heat, redness, swelling and pain.
What is the name of the potent inflammatory chemical is released by mast cells and dilates local arterioles and make capillaries leakier.
List the 3 types of arteries
Elastic and muscular arteries and arterioles
Why is there a "bottleneck" effect in a lymph node?
Fewer efferent vessels than afferent vessels in order to give immune cells more time to filter lymph.
I police the blood and lymph, inducing apoptosis in cancer and virus-infected cells by looking for a lack of "self" MHC proteins.
Which cell am I?
Natural Killer cells
How do B and T cells differ in maturation?
B lymphocytes (B cells) mature within the red bone marrow.
T lymphocytes (T cells) migrate from the bone marrow to mature in the thymus
What are sinusoid capillaries and where are they found?
Most permeable, least common type of capillaries found in the liver characterized by their large intracellular clefts
How does the thymus differ from all other secondary lymphoid organs (list at least two differences)?
The thymus (1) has no follicles because it lacks B cells, (2) uses a stroma of epithelial cells rather than reticular fibers
What is the name of the chemical that is secreted by leukocytes and macrophages exposed to foreign substances and act on the hypothalamus to raise body temperature?
Pyrogens
What is the purpose of the blood thymus barrier?
To shield and isolate immature T-cells from prematurely activating
What is an aneurysm?
Occurs when a rise in blood pressure weakens a stiffened arterial wall, causing it to balloon out or even burst
Differentiate between the functions of White Pulp and Red Pulp in the spleen.
White pulp: lymphocyte activity
Red pulp: worn-out red blood cells and pathogens destroyed
What is the name of the protein-rich fluid that seeps into tissue during inflammation and helps shield off the injured area with a fibrin mesh?
Exudate
What is the difference between distributing arteries and conducting arteries?
Conducting (Elastic) arteries are pressure reservoirs that expand and recoil as blood is ejected from heart.
Distributing (muscular) arteries deliver blood to specific body organs
Which types of arteries are called resistance vessels?
Arterioles -- their frequent changes in diameter are the major determinants of total peripheral resistance
What is the specific name for the fatty lymph absorbed by lacteals?
Chyle
What is naturally acquired passive immunity?
Specific type of humoral immunity is acquired naturally when a fetus receives antibodies from its mother via the placenta or an infant receives them through breast milk.
Explain the difference between diffuse lymphoid tissue and follicles.
Diffuse Lymphoid Tissue: loose arrangement of lymphoid cells and reticular fibers; found in virtually every organ to guard entryways against pathogens.
Lymphoid Follicles: tighter arrangement; specialized "hubs" for the immune response because they house germinal centers which is where the activation and rapid division of B lymphocytes occurs