General Senses
The surface of bones have this kind of encapsulated nerve ending (Tactile corpuscle, Krause end bulb, Bulbous corpuscle, Lamellar corpuscle)
Lamellar corpuscle
Sclera - dense collagenous white of the eye
The pupillary constrictor muscle narrows the pupil with what kind of stimulation?
Parasympathetic stimulation
Scientific name for eardrum
Tympanic membrane
Type of fiber, # of fibers, frequency of fibers
Which ocular structure secretes the fluid in the posterior chamber?
Ciliary body (aqueous humor)
What refracts light the most: aqueous humor, vitreous humor, cornea, or lens?
Cornea - the humors do not refract much at all, lens fine-tunes image but can become rounder to increase refraction for near vision
What is the major role of the outer and middle ear?
Getting sound vibrations to the inner ear
The four types of information sensory receptors send
Modality, location, intensity, duration
Daily Double!: Name the tunics of the eye from deep to superficial - Double points if you can name one structure found within each tunic
Tunica interna (retina/beginning of optic nerve), Tunica vasculosa (choroid, ciliary body, iris), Tunica fibrosa (sclera, cornea)
What part of rod visual pigment and cone visual pigment is the same?
Retinal (vitamin A derivative)
What is notable comparing the beginning of the eardrum and the oval window?
The middle ear concentrates vibrations from the beginning to an oval window 1/18th the size
Pain pathways are stimulated by all of these except which chemical: Bradykinin, Histamine, Dynorphin, Serotonin. What does this neurotransmitter do?
Dynorphin - analgesic (pain relieving) compound
What two structures is the retina attached to?
Optic disk and ora serrata
Explain duplicity theory of vision
Must have two different photoreceptors because need sensitivity for night vision and resolution for day vision
What is cerumen made out of? What's special about it?
Ceruminous/sebaceous gland secretions and dead skin cells, only place in body it is made
Proprioception second-order neurons end in the cerebellum, not the thalamus like every other sensory pathway
Chronic hyperglycemia can cause these optic disorders because of aqueous humor hypertonicity
Cataracts and glaucoma (diabetes can increase blood glucose levels, causing swelling of lens fibers - cataracts, and aqueous humor - glaucoma)
What contracts and what slackens to allow the lens to become more convex to have near point focus?
The ciliary muscle contacts, and suspensory ligaments slacken
What is concerning and most likely incorrect about a child having an inner ear infection?
Inner ear infection implies a bone infection, almost all ear infections are middle ear