What is a direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work of art. Allusions can be historical, literary, religious, topical, or mythical.
100
Syntax
What is The way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sentences.
100
Bandwagon
What is the fallacy that tries to get everyone on board.
100
Classical Argument
What is a form of argument where the only goal includes winning.
100
Parallelism
What is the grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural
similarity.
200
alliteration
What is The repetition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words (as in “she sells sea shells”).
200
Symbolism / Symbol
What is anything that represents itself and stands for something else.
200
Non-sequitur
What is an argument where the conclusion doesn’t logically follow the explanation.
200
Rogerian
What is an argument that accurately and neutrally as possible, states the views of the people with whom you disagree. By doing this you show that you are capable of listening without judging and have given a fair hearing to people who think differently from you.
200
Anaphora
What is A sub-type of parallelism, when the exact repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of successive lines
or sentences.
300
antecedent
What is The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun. The AP language exam occasionally asks for the antecedent of a given pronoun in a long, complex sentence or in a group of sentences.
“But it is the grandeur of all truth which can occupy a very high place in human interests that it is never
absolutely novel to the meanest of minds; IT exists eternally, by way of germ of latent principle, in the lowest as in the highest, needing to be developed but never to be planted.”
300
Satire
What is a work that targets human vices and follies or social institutions and conventions for reform or ridicule.
300
Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc
What is (after this, therefore also this) arguments, that assume a faulty causal relationship. One event following another in time does not mean that the first event caused the later event.
300
partitio
What is a section of the classical argument that states the position (claim/thesis), based on the information presented, and outlines the major points that will follow. It divides the background information from the reasoning.
300
Rhetoric
What is the term that describes the principles governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and
persuasively.
400
Syllogism
What is a deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises (the first one called “major” and the second called “minor”) that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion.
400
Ad Hominem
What are arguments that limit themselves not to the issues, but to the opposition itself. Writers who fall into this fallacy attempt to refute the claims of the opposition by bringing the opposition’s character into question. These arguments ignore the issues and attack the people.
400
Toulmin
What is a realistic argument that typically consists of six parts with claim, data, warrant, qualifiers, backing, rebuttal.
400
Rhetorical Precis
What is a four sentence summary: In "I just Wanna be Average." Mike Rose, an education professor at UCLA, expresses the importance of teaching at the same level for all students. Rose develops his narrative by contrasting different educators to show their inability to motivate struggling students (by classifying different educators by their ability or inability to motivate struggling students). The author's purpose is to demonstrate that the educational system ignores slower learners based on their standardized test scores and to advocate for better teaching for all students. While his essay speaks to students, it also encourages teachers and administrators to reconsider their practice.
500
Semantics
What is the branch of linguistics that studies the meaning of words, their historical and psychological development, their
connotations, and their relation to one another.
500
Equivocation
What is an argument that happens when the writer makes use of a word’s multiple meanings and changes the meanings in the middle of the argument without really telling the audience about the shift.