Heredity
Two main processes in meiosis I that contribute to variation among organisms
What is crossing over and independent assortment?
This enzyme unwinds the DNA molecule before replication
What is helicase?
This term describes an organism's ability to survive and produce viable, fertile offspring
What is fitness?
This type of population growth occurs when resources are unlimited
What is exponential growth?
These are structures found in different species that have a similar underlying structure, indicating a common ancestor.
What are homologous structures?
When crossing a heterozygous (Aa) individual with a homozygous recessive (aa) individual, this is the percentage of offspring predicted to show the recessive phenotype
What is 50%?
This type of mutation occurs when a premature stop codon is introduced
What is nonsense mutation?
This type of reproductive barrier prevents mating or fertilization
What is prezygotic barrier?
This term describes a series of community changes that occur in an area where no soil or previous organisms exist
What is primary succession?
This key step in meiosis involves the separation of homologous chromosomes.
What is anaphase I?
When two unaffected parents have an affected child the inheritance pattern is most likely
What is autosomal recessive?
These are the three modifications that occur to eukaryotic pre-mRNA before it leaves the nucleus
What are 5' cap, poly-A tail, and splicing (intron removal)?
This specific mechanism describes a reduction in population size due to environmental events, reducing genetic variation
What is bottleneck effect?
A non-native species that spreads rapidly and causes harm to the ecosystem
What is invasive species?
If a female is a carrier for an X-linked recessive disorder and the father is unaffected, this is the percentage chance their son will have the disorder
What is 50%?
This concept describes how the environment influences the expression of a genotype, such as arctic fox coat color.
What is phenotypic plasticity? (Environment affect on gene expression)
This type of operon is usually turned "off" but can be stimulated by a molecule
What is inducible operon?
The similar body shapes of dolphins and sharks are examples of this process, where unrelated species develop similar traits
What is convergent evolution?
Nutrient pollution causing excessive algal growth and oxygen depletion.
What is eutrophication?
These are the three factors that determine a population's growth rate: Birth rate, Death rate, and this.
What is migration?
Two examples of non-mendelian genetics
What is codominance, incomplete dominance, linkage, polygenic inheritance, multiple alleles, epigenetics,
Molecules like DNA and mRNA are always built in this direction
What is 5' to 3'?
This type of selection favors individuals at both extremes of a phenotypic range, rather than intermediate phenotypes
What is disruptive selection?
The total amount of solar energy converted into chemical energy by producers minus their respiratory use
What is NPP? (net primary productivity)
According to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, this equation represents the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype.
What is q2?