Unit 1
Name these three major issues that kept the Articles of Confederation from being successful
Government couldn't collect tax, no army, government was in debt from war
Who is in charge of the House?
Who is in charge of the Senate?
House = Speaker of the House
Senate = Vice President / Majority Leader (President Pro Tempore)
The 10th Amendment is important because...
It gives powers to states for everything the federal government does not have enumerated/implied power over
This Anti-Federalist paper argued that a small government could better support individual liberties
Brutus #1
This court case established that the federal government could, in fact, make a bank for itself
McCulloch v. Maryland
The bicameral legislative branch that we have in the US today was a compromise between which proposals?
New Jersey & Virginia plan
Name three programs that are represented by the term "entitlements"
Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid
The term "Due Process" that tries to make sure those who are accused of a crime are treated fairly is tied to which amendments, and what do these amendments protect you from?
4th - Being searched illegally
5th - Self-incrimination
6th - Representing yourself in court
This document proposed that the government should have a separation of powers
Federalist #51
The case that established the power of judicial review
Marbury v. Madison
(Everyone can earn points!) Name one difference between Federalist's and Anti-Federalists
Federalists - Large, central government
Anti-Federalists - Small, state governments, protect individual freedom
This court case decided that during reapportionment, districts should represent the idea of: "one person, one vote"
Baker v. Carr
Districts can be redrawn every 10 years (with census)
Messing with districts to help win is gerrymandering
In Schenck v. US, the majority decision dealt with what constitutional amendment, and how did it influence that right?
Freedom of Speech, limited during times of war if you are causing harm to military/government
This was written by a famous Civil Rights activist explaining his cause
Letter from Birmingham Jail - MLK Jr.
Redistricting is okay, as long as you don't do it based on race, according to this case
Shaw v. Reno
Give an example of federalism that exists in the U.S. right now
Bonus Points: (What is it called when States and the National government have the same power?)
States rebuild roads, federal government pays for highways.
Voting requirements differ by state, but the government upholds the right of all citizens to vote
Bonus: Concurrent Powers
This term is used to describe the concept that the decision of higher courts should influence the decisions of lower courts on similar cases
Precedent, Binding Precedent
Somewhat related: stare decisis - court cases in the past can influence future ones
This term is used to describe the power the 14th Amendment gave for the Bill of Rights to be applied to states
Selective Incorporation
This document discussed the life long terms and review power of one branch of government
Federalist #78 - The Judiciary
You always have the right to an attorney now, thanks to this case
Gideon v. Wainwright
Implied powers arise from these three sections of the constitution:
Commerce clause, Necessary and Proper clause (elastic clause), Supremacy clause
What three powers does the bureaucracy have?
Enforcement and Fines - Making sure/punishing those who don't follow the rules
Compliance Monitoring - Making sure companies are following rules (inspectors)
Testifying before Congress - Congressional oversights meetings, or when Congress brings experts in for bill writing
It has been argued that certain underrepresented groups should be given more access to opportunities like college, employment. However, a 1978 court case decided that spots could not directly held for students of color. The term for this idea of promoting people of color is:
Affirmative Action
What we really need here is a strong leader, according to this document
Federalist #70
This case utilized the 14th Amendment to argue that you have the right to privacy/control over your body
Roe v. Wade