Cell & Tissue
The basic structural and functional unit of the body
What is a cell?
The regulatory loop where a response reverses a stimulus to restore balance.
What is negative feedback?
These cell fragments, produced by megakaryocytes, are essential for clotting.
What are platelets?
This fluid cushions and protects the brain and spinal cord.
What is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
The notch on the medial side of the kidney where vessels and the ureter enter/exit.
What is the hilum?
The structure that anchors epithelial cells to underlying tissue
What is the basement membrane?
This pituitary hormone increases water reabsorption in the kidneys.
What is ADH (antidiuretic hormone)?
This mineral ion is a required cofactor in several steps of the clotting cascade.
What is calcium?
This chemical messenger carries a signal across a synapse.
What is a neurotransmitter?
This funnel-shaped structure inside the kidney collects urine before it enters the ureter.
What is the renal pelvis?
This muscle tissue lines the walls of digestive organs and blood vessels and contracts involuntarily.
What is smooth muscle?
This pancreatic hormone raises blood glucose by signaling the liver to break down glycogen
What is glucagon?
This granulocyte releases histamine and is involved in allergic reactions.
What is a basophil?
A bundle of nerve fibers in the CNS that carries similar information together.
What is a tract?
These muscular tubes carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
What are the ureters?
This cartilage cell, found in lacunae, maintains the cartilage matrix.
What is a chondrocyte?
The chemical class that hormones like insulin and growth hormone belong to.
What are protein hormones?
This is the most abundant antibody in the blood and is able to cross the placenta.
What is IgG?
This division of the nervous system controls involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion.
What is the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?
This tube carries urine from the bladder to outside the body.
What is the urethra?
This cell type is found in lacunae within bone and helps maintain bone tissue.
What is an osteocyte?
The process of copying a gene's DNA sequence into mRNA, the first step of making a protein.
What is transcription?
These immune cells engulf pathogens and debris, and include Kupffer cells in the liver.
What are macrophages?
This outermost layer of the eye includes the sclera and cornea.
What is the fibrous tunic?
This microscopic functional unit of the kidney filters blood and forms urine.
What is a nephron?