AP 1
Respiration relies on the muscles of inspiration and expiration. The thick dome-shaped muscle that separates the abdomen from the thorax is called the
A. sternocleidomastoid
B. levator costarum longus
C. pectoralis major
D. diaphragm.
D. The thick, dome-shaped muscle that separates the abdomen from the thorax is called diaphragm.
Structure at the inferior portion of the tongue that connects the tongue with the mandible is called the
A dorsum
B. root.
C. blade.
D. lingual frenum.
D. "The structure at the inferior portion of the tongue that connects the tongue with the mandible is called the lingual frenum.
The meninges contain several layers of protective tissue. The delicate, thin, transparent membrane that adheres to the brain surface and closely follows its gyri and sulci is called the
A. dura mater
B. arachnoid
C . pia mater.
D. white matter
C. The pia mater is located very close to the surface of the brain. It has delicate connective tissue that allows small blood vessels to cover all the external surfaces of the central nervous system. The pia mater helps to contain cerebrospinal fluid.
Interhemispheric fibers form the medullary center of the brain. These nerve fibers of the medullary center are divided into projection, association, and commissural fibers. The most important association fibers that lie just below the surface of the cortex and connect Broca's area with Wernicke's are called the
A. commissural fibers
B. superior longitudinal fibers (arcuate fasciculus)
C.corona radiata
D. longitudinal fiber tracts
B. The superior longitudinal fibers (arcuate fasciculus), an association fiber tract, is a bundle of white matter that connects the temporal and frontal lobe within each hemisphere. It plays an important role in language. The arcuate fasciculus connects Wernicke's area with Broca's area.
The primary muscle of the lips is the:
A. orbicularis oris
B. buccinator
C. risorius
D. levator labii superioris
A. The primary muscle of the lips is the orbicularis oris
The neurons that transmit information away from the brain are called:
A. afferent neurons.
B. efferent neurons.
C. primary neurons.
D. peripheral neurons
B. The type of neurons that transmit information away from the brain are called efferent neurons.
The structure that regulates body posture, equilibrium, and coordinated fine motor movements is the
A. angular gyrus
B. corticospinal tract
C. circle of Willis
D. cerebellum
D. The structure that regulates body posture, equilibrium, and coordinated fine motor movements is the cerebellum
These are composed of a ring of connective tissue and muscle extending from the tips of the arytenoid cartilages to the epiglottis. They separate the laryngeal vestibule from the pharynx and help preserve the airway.
A. Ventricular folds
B. True vocal folds
C. Lamina propria
D. Aryepiglottic folds
D. The aryepiglottic folds are a ring of connective tissue and muscle extending from the tips of the arytenoid cartilages to the larynx. They separate the laryngeal vestibule from the pharynx and help preserve the airway
Which muscles from the list below are the most involved in adducting the vocal folds?
A. Lateral cricoarytenoids and transverse
B. Digastrics
C. Cricothyroids arytenoid
D. Posterior cricoarytenoids
A. The muscles most involved with adducting the vocal folds are the lateral cricoarytenoids and the transverse arytenoid.
Large neurons that are found in the cerebellum and release gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are called
A. Purkinje cells
B. microglial cells
C. oligodendrocytes
D. ependymal cells
A. Purkinje cells are unique to the cerebellar cortex. These cells are involved in motor control and learning. Purkini£lgells are among the largest neurons in the brain
An important structúre adjacent to the brainstem that contains the hypothalamus (which control emotions) and the thalamus which relays sensory impulses to various portions of the cerebral cortex) is called the
A. mesencephalon
B. diencephalon
C. superior cerebellar peduncle
D. postcentral gyrus
B. An important structure adjacent to the brainstem that contains the hypothalamus (which controls emotions) and the thalamus (which relays sensory impulses to various portions of the cerebral cortex) is called the diencephalon.
The anterior cerebral artery supplies blood to the
A. corpus callosum and basal ganglia
B. corpus striatum
C. caudate nucleus and globus pallidus.
D. lateral surface of the cortex.
A. The anterior cerebral artery supplies blood to the corpus callosum and the basal ganglia
The laryngopharynx and the oropharynx add resonance to sounds produced by the larynx. The naso pharynx adds noticeable resonance to which sounds?
A. k, g, t, d
B. r, l, y
C. f, sh, s
D. m, n, ng
D. The laryngopharynx and the oropharynx add resonance to sounds produced by the larynx. The nasopharynx adds noticeable resonance to /m/, /n/, /ng/
The cranial nerve that innervates the larynx and also innervates the levator veli palatini, palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus muscles is
A. cranial nerve X, the vagus nerve
B. cranial nerve V, the trigeminal nerve
C. cranial nerve XI, the spinal accessory nerve.
D. cranial nerve VIl, the facial nerve
A. The, cranial nerve that innervates the larynx and also innervates the levator veli palatini, palatoglossus, and palatopharyngeus muscles is cranial nerve X, the vagus nerve.
Muscles that contribute to velopharyngeal closure are the
A. levator veli palatini, musculus uvulae, superior pharyngeal constrictor palatopharyngeus, palatoglossus, and salpingopharyngeus.
B. stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, and levator veli palatini
C.levator veli palatini, genioglossus, and salpingopharyngeus.
D. tensor veli palatini, genioglossus, and levator veli palatini
A. Muscles that contribute to velopharyngeal closure are the levator veli palatini, musculus uvulae, superior pharyngeal constrictor, palatopharyngeus, palatoglossus, salpingopharyn- geus, and levator veli palatini
Which branch of the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) innervates the cricothyroid muscle?
A. Superior laryngeal nerve
B. Lateral laryngeal nerve
C. Recurrent laryngeal nerve
D. Pharyngeal branch
A. The external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve innervates the cricothyroid muscle
The corpus striatum is composed of three nuclear masses, which are the:
A. globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, and putamen
B. putamen, caudate nucleus, and basal ganglia
C. supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus, and putamen
D. substantia nigra, angular gyrus, and globus pallidus
A. The corpus striatum is composed of three nuclear masses, which are the globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, and putamen.
When a person is producing voiced and voiceless /th/, the muscle that is most involved is the
A. palatopharyngeus
B. sternocleidomastoid
C. genioglossus
D. styloglossus
C. The muscle that is most involved in producing the voiced and voiceless /th/ is the genioglossus.
The largest branch of the internal carotid artery that supplies the entire lateral surface of the cortex including the major regions of the frontal lobe is the
A. external cerebral artery
B. anterior cerebral artery
C. middle cerebral artery
D. posterior cerebral artery
C. The middle cerebral artery is the largest branch of the internal carotid artery and is part of the circle of Willis. The main function of the middle cerebral artery is to supply oxygenated blood to specific regions of the brain.
The primary motor cortex that lies anterior to the central sulcus and controls movements of the skeletal muscles on the opposite side of the body is located on the
A. superior frontal gyrus
B. inferior frontal gyrus
C. Postcentral gyrus
D. precentral gyrus.
D. The precentral gyrus is the location of the primary motor cortex. It is responsible for voluntary movement on the contralateral side of the body. Lesions to the precentral gyrus may result in paralysis of the contralateral side of the body.