chapter 2 terms
A series of attacks on courthouses by a small band of farmers led by Revolutionary War Captain Daniel Shays to block foreclosure proceedings.
what is shay's rebellion?
the Supreme Court ruled that Congress had exceeded its constitutional authority under the Commerce Clause when it passed a law prohibiting gun possession in local school zones.
what is United States vs. Lopez?
Powers specifically given to Congress in the Constitution; including the power to collect taxes, coin money, regulate foreign and interstate commerce, and declare war.
what is enumerated powers?
A system of government in which both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies.
what is dual federalism?
a debate between small population and large population states over representation in the national legislature
what is small states vs. large states?
A condition urged by many as a requirement for legitimate government : that the authority of a government should depend on the consent of the people, as expressed by votes in elections.
what is consent of the governed?
A system of government in which powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government. They may also share costs, administration, and even blame for programs that work poorly.
what is cooperative federalism?
The power of the courts to declare laws unconstitutional
what is judicial review?
A model of federalism in which specific policies and programs are administered by all levels of government—national, state, and local.
what is Picket Fence Federalism?
dividing power at the national level. Limited each other's powers by checks and balances.
what is legislative power vs. executive power?
an agreement for mutual benefit between an individual or group and the government or community as a whole.
what is social contract?
powers shared by the state and federal governments
what is concurrent powers?
The constitutional power of Congress to raise and spend money. Congress can use this as a negative or checking power over the other branches by freezing or cutting their funding.
what is power of the purse?
Federal government using money (grants) to influence & control states.
what is fiscal federalism?
tensions over balance of power. The overall compromise was Madison's " double protection", the system of federalism, which divided power between autonomous levels of government that controlled different areas of policy?
what is national power vs. state and local power?
a plan, unsuccessfully proposed at the Constitutional Convention, providing for a legislature of two houses with proportional representation in each house and executive and judicial branches to be chosen by the legislature.
what is Virginia plan?
part of Article IV of the Constitution guaranteeing that the citizens of each state are afforded the same rights as citizens of all other states.
what is privileges and immunities clause?
powers of the states to protect the public health, safety, morals, and welfare of the public
what is police powers?
A form of federalism in which the federal government pressures the states to change their policies by using regulations, mandates, and conditions (often involving threats to withdraw federal funding).
what is coercive federalism?
southern states would not agree to any provisions limiting slavery, while nonslave states were not willing to scuttle the entire constitution by taking a stand
what is slave states vs. nonslave states ?
life, liberty and property (pursuit of happiness)
what is natural rights?
Federal grants that can be used only for specific purposes, or "categories," of state and local spending. They come with strings attached, such as nondiscrimination provisions.
what is categorical grants?
The national and state government each have some degree of authority and autonomy.
what is sovereign power?
A form of federalism in which states compete to attract businesses and jobs through the policies they adopt.
what is competitive federalism?
the action of signing or giving formal consent to a treaty, contract, or agreement, making it officially valid.
what is ratification?