DOCUMENTS I
Madison afraid that the “mischiefs of faction” will be controlled by the power of a large republic. It is this reason that a republic where power was broken up between the national and state governments was born.
What is Federalist 10?
Written to replace the Articles of Confederation; the structure and function of the government and guarantees our civil rights and liberties with the Bill of Rights and Amendments
What is the Constitution of the United States?
1954 supreme court case that struck down segregation in public schools, saying "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal"
What is Brown v. Board of Education?
Established the principle of "one person, one vote," ruling that legislative districts with dramatically different populations violated the equal protection clause of 14th amendment and allowed SCOTUS to hear redistricting cases
1993 case that held congressional districts created to help elect racial minorities violate white plaintiffs' equal protection of the laws under the 14th amendment unless there is compelling governmental interest
What is Shaw v. Reno?
Hamilton disagrees to a system of multiple executive figures because a single executive is always better than multiple when it comes to acting quickly to remove corruption.
What is Federalist 70?
Document that stated that the problems the colonies had with the British monarch and declared their independence
What is the Declaration of Independence?
SCOTUS declared part of a law passed by Congress was unconstitutional. It helped establish the court as an equal player in system of checks and balances and, most importantly, established judicial review.
What is Marbury v. Madison?
1973 supreme court ruling that women's rights to terminate a pregnancy by abortion is protected by right to privacy implicit in constitution; this was recently overturned and is an example of Devolution (New Federalism)
What is Roe v. Wade?
1919 supreme court ruling that Charles Schenck's protest against WWI weren't protected by 1st amendment because they posed a "clear and present danger... that congress has a right to prevent"
What is Schenck v. United States?
Check and balance system that separate the government into branches in order to prevent one to have more control over the others.
What is Federalist 51?
A statement of the principles of nonviolent civil disobedience; wrote that everyone had an obligation to follow just laws but an equal obligation to break unjust laws. It was a response to white religious leaders who disagreed with his actions
What is the Letter From a Birmingham Jail?
1963 supreme court ruling that 6th amendment's right to counsel in criminal cases requires state courts in all felony cases to provide attorneys for defendants who can't afford to pay for their defense (selective incorporation)
what is Gideon v. Wainwright
1962 supreme court ruling that prayer in public schools was a violation of 1st amendment establishment clause
What is Engel v. Vitale?
1972 supreme court ruling that parents couldn't be required to send their children past 8th grade. It opened the door to homeschooling
What is Wisconsin v. Yoder?
Anti-federalists' belief that the constitution gives too much power to the government. They wanted to replace the system with a representative democracy that produces elites who can lead as well as intelligent enough to represent the people.
What is Brutus 1?
It was the first attempt at a new American government. It was later decided that the Articles restricted national government too much, and was replaced by the constitution.
What are the Articles of Confederation?
1819 supreme court ruling that Maryland didn't have power to tax second bank of us and that congress did have power to create the bank under "necessary and proper" clause and "supremacy clause"
What is McCulloch v. Maryland?
1995 case that struck down federal law regulating possession of firearms around schools. It was the first time court restricted congress' power to pass legislation under commerce since new deal in 1930s
What US v. Lopez?
2010 supreme court ruling that 14th amendment makes 2nd amendment right to keep and bear arms applicable to states
What is McDonald v. Chicago?
Argued for independence of the judiciary and giving them judicial review to allow them to judge/strike down laws passed by congress that is unconstitutional
What is Federalist 78?
This rebellion was unable to be stopped due to the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.
1916 supreme court ruling that wearing an armband in a public school was protected by the 1st amendment as a form of speech
What is Tinker v. Des Moines?
1971 case where the supreme court said that the government couldn't prevent the publication of the Pentagon Papers. It defended the 1st amendment right of free press against prior restraint by the government
What is NYT v. US?
2010 supreme court decision that struck down FEC regulations that limited the amount of money that groups and corporations could spend on supporting individual candidates in American elections
What is Citizens United v. FEC?