The Constitution
These were the two most important powers that the national government lacked under the Articles of Confederation.
What are the Power to Tax and the Power to Regulate Commerce?
People on the left side of the political spectrum tend to ascribe to this theory of fiscal policy.
This structure in American elections perpetuates our two-party system.
What is the single-member district/winner-take-all system?
This chamber of Congress has more strict rules and thus greater control by the majority party.
What is the House of Representatives?
This term describes the process through which the Supreme Court has made Bill of Rights protections applicable against the states.
What is selective incorporation?
These are three Constitutional provisions that protected the institution of slavery.
What are the 3/5 Clause, the Slave Trade Clause, and the Fugitive Slave Clause?
People on the right side of the political spectrum tend to believe that increased social welfare spending leads to this.
What is a culture of dependency?
While political parties are policy generalists, interest groups can be describe as this.
What is 'policy specialists'?
This body is tasked with providing 'advice and consent' for all presidential nominations.
What is the Senate?
This case ruled that a moment of prayer in public schools (even if voluntary) violates the First Amendment's Establishment clause.
What is Engel v. Vitale (1962)?
This document rebutted the Anti-Federalist argument that republican government can only work in small states.
What is Federalist #10?
This demographic group has the most inconsistent voter turnout.
Who are young people?
This is the most expensive line item in most political campaigns.
What is television advertising?
These are the three formal qualifications for the presidency.
What are: 35 years of age, natural born citizen, and 14 years of residence in the U.S.?
This case incorporated the Sixth Amendment's right to an attorney against the states in non-capital cases.
What is Gideon v. Wainwright (1965)?
This case established the Supreme Court's power of judicial review.
What was Marbury v. Madison (1803)?
These are the only elections in which voter turnout tends to be higher than 50%.
What are presidential general elections?
This term refers to the phenomenon, begun by cable news and now exacerbated by social media, in which people seek out and are often limited to news coverage that reinforces their pre-existing beliefs.
What is narrowcasting?
These are the federal courts that have original jurisdiction in cases involving federal law.
What are the district courts?
This is the standard of review employed by federal courts for claims of gender discrimination.
What is intermediate scrutiny?
This is a government program in which states are provided funds to implement programs with specific guidelines, and often with strings attached.
This is the ideological group with which most Americans self-identify.
What are moderates or centrists?
During the presidential primaries, candidates compete in state nominating contests in order to earn these.
What are delegates to the party's national/nominating conventions?
Congress often passes generalized laws in which they authorize these entities to fill in key regulatory details.
What are bureaucratic agencies?
This is the type of non-conventional political participation urged by Martin Luther King in his "Letter from a Birmingham Jail".
What is non-violent direct action?