SHAW V. RENO (1993)
Strangely shaped congressional district in NC
What is District 12?
12th grade student who brought a hand-gun to his high school in San Antonio, Texas
Who is Alfonso Lopez Jr.?
Strictest gun control city in the United States in 2010
Where is Chicago, Illinois?
A nonprofit organization critical of a political candidate.
What is Citizens Commission?
Central issue of North Carolina's congressional district
What is racial gerrymandering?
Federal offense to possess a firearm within 1,000 feet of a school
What is the Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990?
Central Issue in case
What is the Second Amendment's protection of the right to bear arms for self-defense applied to state and local governments?
Argued that restrictions on independent political expenditures by corporations infringed upon its First Amendment rights.
Who is Citizens United?
Number of justices ruling in favor that North Carolinas Congressional District was racially gerrymandering.
What is 5-4 ruling?
Exceeded Congress's authority under the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution.
What is the the Supreme Court's holding was that the Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990?
Effectively struck down Chicago's handgun ban and required the city to respect the Second Amendment rights of its residents.
What is the Supreme Courts decision?
Violations of free speech rights under the First Amendment in CITIZENS UNITED V. FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION.
What is restrictions on independent political expenditures by corporations and unions?
Shaw v. Reno established that redistricting plans must undergo
What is strict scrutiny and a compelling state interest?
The Supreme Court's reasoning in United States v. Lopez was grounded in a commitment of
What is Federalism and limitation of federal authority?
The Supreme Court's decision in McDonald v. Chicago (2010) was primarily based on
What is the incorporation and the application of the Second Amendment to state and local governments.
What the Supreme Court decided posed a lower risk of corruption.
What is independent spending?
Two key principles established by the Supreme Court's decision in Shaw v. Reno
What are "Strict Scrutiny for Racial Gerrymandering" and "Racial Gerrymandering Violates the Equal Protection Clause"?
Hesitant to uphold the federal law
Who is the court?
Argued the right to keep and bear arms for self-defense is a fundamental right deeply rooted in the nation's history and traditions.
Who is Justice Samuel Alito?
Supreme Courts primary grounding of CITIZENS UNITED V. FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION.
What is the First Amendments protection of free speech?