Federalists & Anti-Federalists
These were Madison's main concern in organizing the Constitution, and he spells out how they will be managed in Federalist 10 and 51.
What are factions?
These are issued by the President when he/she wants to demand his/her branch carry out a policy directive, especially when Congress has failed to act on the issue.
What are executive orders?
The House of Representatives has the power to do this to a president, but the Senate must try the president for his/her crime after it takes place.
What is impeachment?
This principle of the Constitution allows states deference in deciding their own policies on undefined issues such as capital punishment.
What is federalism?
This case affirmed the legality of segregation, arguing that "separate but equal" was an acceptable Constitutional interpretation of the 14th Amendment's Equal Protection Clause.
What is Plessy v. Ferguson?
This Anti-Federalist author argued that a Bill of Rights was necessary to protect the people from the national government becoming too powerful.
Who is Brutus (Robert Yates)?
What are enumerated powers?
The Supreme Court has the power to declare laws passed by Congress and actions taken by the president unconstitutional because of the ruling in the case Marbury v. Madison that established the principle known as this.
What is judicial review?
This event led many to believe that the Articles of Confederation were too weak, and a stronger national government was needed.
What is Shays' Rebellion?
What is the Establishment Clause?
The Federalists favored a republican form of government that had great power, while Anti-Federalists feared that republics could only exist over governments that were this.
What is small?
While the Congress has the power to draft legislation, the President has the power to either sign or do this to a law.
What is veto?
The Senate has the power to limit the Supreme Court by holding these for justices appointed by the President.
What are confirmation hearings?
What are concurrent powers?
What are the Pentagon Papers?
In Federalist 70, Alexander Hamilton argues for an "energetic" __________.
What is "executive"?
Congress has the power to regulate this kind of commerce under Article I.
What is interstate commerce?
Congress can regulate the ambitions of the president by regulating the amount of money allocated to each part of the executive branch as spelled out in this.
What is the budget?
This part of the Tenth Amendment helped to enhance states' powers.
What is the reserved powers clause?
This Supreme Court Case incorporated the 2nd Amendment to the states.
What is McDonald v. Chicago?
In Federalist 78, Alexander Hamilton argues that this branch of government "will always be the least dangerous to the political rights of the Constitution."
While all citizens vote to elect Senators by virtue of the 17th Amendment, members of the House of Representatives are elected by their constituents in divisions of the states called these.
What are congressional districts?
If a federal judge is acting without concern for the Constitution, the Senate can exercise this power to check this action.
What is impeach the justice?
While the Constitution had a bicameral legislature made up of Congress, the Articles of Confederation had a unicameral legislature, governed by an institution called this.
What is the Confederation Congress?
This law aimed to enforce the court's ruling in cases like Brown v. Board that required full adherence to the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment in cases of discrimination by the states.