Amendments
protects five fundamental freedoms: religion, speech, the press, assembly, and the right to petition the government, ensuring individuals can practice faith, express opinions, publish information, gather peacefully, and appeal to their government without government interference
1st Amendment
Protects the right to keep and bear arms.
2nd Amendment
Abolishes slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.
13th Amendment
Defines citizenship, requires states to provide due process and equal protection, and applies the Bill of Rights to the states (selective incorporation).
14th Amendment
Limits lawsuits against states; individuals cannot sue states in federal court without consent.
11th Amendment
Prohibits denying the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
15th Amendment
Protects the right to a trial by jury in civil cases involving significant monetary value.
7th Amendment
Reserves powers not given to the federal government to the states or the people (basis of federalism).
10th Amendment
Prohibits excessive bail, excessive fines, and cruel and unusual punishment.
8th Amendment
Prohibits the quartering of soldiers in private homes without the owner’s consent.
3rd Amendment
Guarantees the right to a fair and speedy public trial, an impartial jury, the right to counsel, the right to confront witnesses, and the right to be informed of charges.
6th Amendment
Protects due process rights; includes protection against self-incrimination, double jeopardy, guarantees just compensation for eminent domain, and requires grand jury indictments for serious crimes.
5th Amendment
Revises the presidential election process—electors cast separate ballots for president and vice president.
12th Amendment
States that people have rights beyond those specifically listed in the Constitution.
9th Amendment
Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures and requires warrants based on probable cause.
4th Amendment