Supreme
What case was found illegal and established federal courts had the power to overturn an act of congress on the ground it violated the U.S. Constitution.
Marbury v.Madison (1803)
What court case addressed women right to terminate a pregnancy, resulting in woman being given total control over the first trimester and giving the states control over the second and third trimesters?
Roe v. Wade 1973,woman can only have an abortion during the first trimester and some states will have different opinions for the second and third trimesters, Falls within privacy laws
What case determined free speech could be limited when the words could bring about a clear and present danger?
Schenck v united states 1919, Schenck was convicted of violating the Espionage Act. He had printed and mailed 15,000 fliers to draft-age men arguing that conscription (the draft) was unconstitutional and urging them to resist.
What is the article that allows Congress to borrow money for the nation, declare war, and raise a military.
Article I: run by the legislative branch and also has the power to balance the other two federal branches
what word means, corporate funding of independent political broadcasts in candidate elections cannot be limited, because doing so would violate the First Amendment?
Judicial Restraint
What case ruled a second bank was unconstitutional because the constitution did not provide a textual commitment for the federal government to charter a bank.
McCulloch V. Maryland (1816), James W. McCulloch, refused to pay the tax.The state appeals court held that the Second Bank was unconstitutional because the Constitution did not provide a textual commitment for the federal government to charter a bank.
What case decided the Gun Free School Zones Act of 1990, which prohibits a person from knowingly carrying a gun into a school zone, unconstitutional because it exceeds Congress's Commerce Clause authority?
united states v lopez 1995
What case ensured firearms has to be registered with he police or they would face violations ?
McDonald v Chicago 2010, Chicago adopted a handgun ban to combat crime and minimize handgun related deaths and injuries, and stated possession of an unregistered firearm was a crime
What article allows Congress to determine the size and power of those courts below it.
Article III: Judicial Branch, outlines the powers of the federal court system, all judges are appointed for life unless they resign or are charged with bad behavior.
One who brings court action against another
Plantiff
What cased ruled racial segregation in public schools violated the 14 amendment?
Brown v. Board of Education, 19541, Court ruled that "separate but equal" schools for blacks were inherently unequal and thus unconstitutional. The decision energized the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 1960s
What case ensured each persons vote became protected under the 14th amendment and the "one person, one vote" policy.
Baker v carr 1961, balanced and ensured each state or city was properly represented
What case prohibits using race as the basis for drawing districts?
Shaw v Reno 1993,Constitution prohibits using race as the basis for how to draw district due to a North Carolina having an unfair election
What article allows for future generations to amend the constitution if the society so requires it.
Article V: talks about the amendment and how both the states and congress have the power to initiate the amendment process.
an opinion that agrees with the court's disposition of the case but is written to express a particular judge's reasoning
Concurring opinion
What case allowed for criminal cases to receive a lawyer for defendants who cannot afford one themselves?
Gideon v. Wainwright, 1963, 14th Amendment, the Supreme Court had to decide whether, in criminal cases, the right to counsel paid should be paid for by the government. Gideon, could not afford a lawyer, asked the Florida court to appoint one for him, arguing that the Sixth Amendment entitles everyone to a lawyer
What case allowed prayer to be voluntary and could not be enforced on students?
Engel V Vitale 1962,public schools violated the Establishment Clause when it allowed the school to teach religious instruction during school hours on school property as it forced students to be part of one religion.
What case held the manditory attendance for church violated the first amendment as the people should be able to exercise their free religion?
Wisconsin v yoder 1972, the Court held that individual's interests in the free exercise of religion under the First Amendment outweighed the State's interests in compelling school attendance beyond the eighth grade as it affects a parents choice of religion they want their child to follow
What article determines that the us constitution and all laws made from it are the "Supreme Law of the Land"?
Article VI: Debts, Supremacy, Oaths, all officials whether members of the State Legislatures, Congress, Judiciary, or the Executive branch, have to swear an oath to the constitution and abide by them
application for a parties case from a lower court be reviewed by the supreme court
Petitions for Certiorari
What case allowed for students to have free speech in public schools and that neither students nor teachers “shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse unless it causes a disturbance?
Tinker V Des Moines Independent community school district, 1969, gatMary Beth Tinker was a 13-year-old junior high school student in December 1965 when she and a group of students decided to wear black armbands to school to protest the war in Vietnam.
What case determined the presses First Amendment's freedom to publish "the press must be left free to publish news, whatever the source, without censorship, injunctions, or prior restraints?
New York times company v U.S 1971
What cases held that corporate funding of independent political broadcasts in candidate elections cannot be limited, because doing so would violate the First Amendment?
Citizens United v Federal Election Commission 2010,
what article defines the relationship between the states and the federal government, and ensures all state laws should be respected including judicial decisions
Articles IV: the states, federal government guarantees a republican form of government in each state, protects the nation and the people from foreign or domestic violence, and determines how new states can join the Union.
a law established by following earlier judicial decisions
Precedent