Supreme Court Cases
The court case that established judicial review
What is Marbury v. Madison?
States cannot deny any person the right to vote based on race
What is the 15th amendment?
Post Revolutionary War political group who opposed the adoption of the U.S. Constitution because it gave too much power to the national government at the expense of the states
What are anti-federalists?
House of Congress that can approve presidential appointments
What is the Senate?
A federal grant that is to be used for a specific purpose
What is a categorical grant?
The court case that established a "clear and present danger" test
Schenck v. United States
The amendment that allows the collection of income taxes
What is the 16th amendment?
The Compromise that gave the United States a bicameral legislature
What is the Great Compromise (or the Connecticut Plan)?
A committee made up of members from both the Senate and the House
What is a joint committee?
Cooperation among federal, state, and local governments, also known as "marble cake" federalism
What is cooperative federalism?
The court case that overturned Plessy v. Ferguson
What is Brown v. Board of Education?
The amendment that states powers not expressly given to federal government by the Constitution are reserved to states or the people
What is the 10th amendment?
Term used to describe powers shared by the national and state governments
What is concurrent powers?
Legislation that ensures Congress is involved in sending troops overseas
What is the War Powers Act?
The process of redrawing district lines to increase a group's political power
What is gerrymandering?
The court case that determined political spending is a form of protected speech under the First Amendment
What is Citizens United v. FEC?
Guarantees equal protection to all citizens of the United States
What is the 14th amendment?
States are required to recognize the laws and legal documents of other states (birth certificates, marriage licenses, drivers' licenses, wills, etc.)
What is the Full Faith and Credit Clause?
The staff agency that advises Congress on the likely economic effects of different spending programs and provides information on the costs of the proposed policies
What is the Congressional Budget Office?
Model of voting that says legislators should consider the will of the people but act in ways that they believe are best for the long-term interest of the nation
What is the trustee model?
The court case that a public defender must be provided for those who cannot afford it
What is Gideon v. Wainwright?
The amendment that includes the "establishment clause"
What is the 1st amendment?
A law which punishes people for a crime that was not a crime when it was committed, it was ruled that Congress cannot pass these laws
What are ex post facto laws?
Alliances that develop between bureaucrats, interest groups, congressional committees in order to achieve goals
What is the Iron Triangle?
The authority of a court to review decisions of lower courts
What is appellate jurisdiction?