Supreme Court Cases
Shaw v Reno primarily focused (and made unconstitutional) which practice?
What is racial gerrymandering?
Fed 78 establishes the foundations for this policy
What is Judicial Review?
Bureaucrats use this power to influence interest groups
What is rulemaking/regulation?
Voting system in which you number off candidates by preference instead of bubbling your favorite
What is ranked choice voting?
This first amendment clause prevents the government from forcing its citizens to believe in a particular religion
What is the establishment clause?
Citizens United overturned portions of this law.
What is Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act?
Fed 10 argued that a republic was better than a pure democracy because of factions. Madison used this famous phrase to describe the danger posed by pure democracy
What is tyranny of the majority?
Gerrymandering affects this governmental entity (be specific)
What is the House of Representatives?
Senators are insulated from voters due to longer terms. Because of this, this model is much more likely to explain their voting behavior.
What is the trustee model?
These are six of the 8 civil rights amendments (numbers only).
What are 13, 14, 15, 17, 19, 23, 24, 26?
United States v Lopez saw a congressional act overturned after Congress used this clause to justify banning gun in school zones
What is commerce clause?
Antifederalist sentiment against the constitution was argued in this document, which advocated for rights to be listed in the Constitution.
What is Brutus 1?
This is an action interest groups can take to influence the legislative branch
What is lobbying? (could vary)
If I vote for a candidate because they had previously done a great job as mayor of my town, this is the kind of voting model I am employing.
What is retrospective voting?
This principle: "No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States" is found in this amendment. (Give Clause and Amendment)
What is selective incorporation - 14th amendment?
Wisconsin v Yoder allowed amish parents to pull their child out of school before high school because the state law had violated this clause of the Constitution
What is the free exercise clause?
Fed. 51 described the danger imposed by the legislative branch and argued that it must be split into segments to prevent itself from growing too powerful. This is the concept most attributed to Fed 51.
What is separation of powers or check and balances?
Differences in parties between the House and Senate has caused this negative side-effect in Congress; preventing Congress from passing many laws that could benefit people.
What is gridlock?
This election comes halfway between the president's term.
What is the midterm election?
In LFABJ by MLK Jr, what level of government does the author believe needs to address local injustices?
What is federal/national?
Baker v. Carr paved the way for the decision in Shaw v Reno, which suggested that race-based gerrymandering qualified under strict scrutiny, because Baker v. Carr established this precedent
What is... Courts can hear redistricting cases; one man one vote
Fed 70 argues for this type of governmental structure for the executive branch
What is a unitary executive branch?
A SuperPAC is a kind of PAC that has this kind of special ability that separates it from a PAC
What is unlimited spending from anonymous sources (but can't "coordinate" with cannot)
Pluralist democracies generally feature several very powerful groups that can sway elections for one party or the other. In the U.S., they are called this.
Interest Groups
This amendment reserves power for states. It expands on this article. (provide both numbers)
What is the 10th amendment, Article IV?