SCOTUS cases
This case ruled that the 1st Amendment protects the right of students to wear clothing as a form of speech
Tinker V. Des moines
"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal."
Declaration of Independence
When a Senator talks for a long time to delay or block a vote on a bill
Filibuster
The process of applying the Bill of Rights to the states one by one.
Selective incorporation
John Locke's three basic rights that must be protected by government.
life liberty and pursuit of happiness
used the 14th Amendment’s Due Process Clause to rule that states must provide an attorney to defendants who cannot afford one.
Gideon V. Wainright
argues that a large republic is the best way to control Factions
Federalist 10.
Bully pulpit
refers to the president’s use of their ability to guide the American public and pressure Congress.
Equal protection clause
The 14th Amendment used to protect groups from discrimination.
This important piece of 1960s legislation created equal employment opportunities, regardless of race, equal access to public accommodations regardless of race, religion, or national origin and the withholding federal grants in aid from state programs that discriminated on the basis of race
Civil rights act of 1964
established that the 1st Amendment’s Free Exercise Clause outweighed a state's interest in compelling school attendance
Wisconsin v. Yoder
What is the bill of rights and name all of the amendments
1-Speech, Religion, Press, Assembly, Petition. 2-Right to bear arms. 3-No quartering of soldiers. 4-No unreasonable search and seizure. 5- Due process, “i plead the 5th, self-incrimination.6-Right to a speedy/public trial and an attorney.7-Trial by jury in civil cases.8-No cruel or unusual punishment.9-Rights not listed are still held by the people.10-Powers not given to the feds are reserved for the states.
designed to protect individual civil liberties by placing specific limits on the power of the federal government
Trading votes between legislators to get their own preferred pieces of legislation passed
Logrolling
established in Schenck v. U.S., allowed the government to restrict speech that posed an immediate threat to public safety.
Clear and present danger test
What is the number of states that needed to ratify the constitution in order for it to take effect.
9 of 13
What is citizens united v. FEC?
ruled that the 1st Amendment's Free Speech protects corporate funding of independent political broadcasts in candidate elections.
Madison says this is necessary to keep the branches in their places
Checks and balances, Federalist 51
Informal powers of the president
relies on his power to persuade and bargain with congress because they lack extensive constitutional powers
De facto segregation
type of segregation that exists by fact or tradition (like housing patterns) rather than by law.
What is the 13th amendment
outlawed slavery
This case used the Necessary and Proper Clause to justify a national bank and the Supremacy Clause to deny a state's power to tax it
McCulloch v. Maryland
Articles of confederation
This first governing document of the U.S. that lacked the power to tax or regulate interstate commerce, eventually leading to its replacement by the constitution
a request for lower court documents, issued if SCOTUS agrees to hear a case
Writ of certioarari
Why do some states have more representatives
Because of their population
What is the planet 3rd closest to the sun?
Earth