Historical Context
This enlightenment thinking influenced Thomas Jefferson in writing that the role of government was to protect life, liberty and property.
Who was John Locke?
These are 2 examples of the lack of direct democracy in the original constitution.
What are the electoral college, the non-direct election of senators and the process for choosing the federal judiciary?
In order to address the concerns of small states regarding representation, the Great (Connecticut) Compromise created this.
What is a bicameral legislature? (the House and Senate)
This group favored stronger state governments and a weaker federal government during the ratification debate.
Who are the anti-federalists?
This clause in Article 1, section 8 gives Congress the power to create legislation related to its enumerated powers.
What is the elastic or necessary and proper clause?
This founding father is best known for being the architect of the nation's financial system. He advocated for the ratification of the Constitution by authoring some of the federalist papers.
Who is Alexander Hamilton?
This model of representation holds that elected officials should seek to carry out the wishes of their constituents.
What is the delegate model?
This plan for amending the Articles favored larger states in granting them more representation in Congress.
What is the Virginia Plan?
The series of essays written in support of ratifying the constitution
What are the Federalist Papers
This 1995 Supreme Court decision was the first in over 50 years in which the Court held that Congress had exceeded its power to legislate under the Commerce Clause.
What is U.S. v. Lopez?
This popular uprising in Massachusetts against property forclosures led many early U.S. leaders to see the need for a stronger federal government.
What is Shays's Rebellion?
The idea that the people should have the main voice in the government, and the government should be held accountable to the people. The power is in the people.
What is popular sovereignty?
This was the deal reached between free and slave states regarding how apportionment would be determined.
What is the 3/5ths compromise?
In Federalist #10, Madison talks about the role of a large republic in limiting the dangers of these.
What are factions?
This era and/or political program led to the intermingling of federal and state governments in various policy areas. It is sometimes known as "Marble Cake Federalism."
What is the New Deal, the 1930s, or cooperative federalism?
This enlightenment thinker argued for a strong monarchy to control the naturally violent nature of man.
Who is Thomas Hobbes?
This theory holds that a disproportionate amount of influence in the policy making process is held by a small group of people.
What is Elitist Theory?
Virtually all delegates to the 1787 Constitutional Convention agreed that the federal government should have these powers to improve the nation's economy.
What are the power to tax and regulate commerce?
This anti-federalist paper argued that the country was too large to be controlled by a central government.
What is Brutus 1?
This style of Federalism is considered to have begun in the 1960s with LBJ's Great Society programs. It is characterized by using federal funds to attempt to solve national problems such as poverty.
What is Creative Federalism?
These are three of the laws created during the colonial era which led the framers to be wary of strong central authority.
What are the stamp act, the tea act, the sugar act? (others possibly acceptable)
This theory of representation holds that nobody dominates policymaking, but instead, different groups of people compete for influence in the government.
What is plauralist theory?
This clause of the Constitution holds that national laws are more powerful than state laws if they conflict.
What is the supremacy clause?
This paper addresses means by which appropriate checks and balances can be created in government and also advocates a separation of powers within the national government.
What is Federalist 51?
This style of federalism, typified in the early years of the country, has the state and federal governments staying in their own separate policy areas.
What is dual federalism?