Constitutional Amendments
All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall and State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
What is the 14th Amendment?
This element of the First Amendment protects your right to gather in one place with other like-minded people.
What is freedom of assembly?
This was a response to eight southern clergymen who expressed concerns about protests against racial discrimination.
This rule, named after a Supreme Court case, states that police must advise people of their right to counsel and their right to remain silent.
What is the Miranda Rule?
What is Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas?
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
What is the 4th Amendment?
What is the free exercise clause?
This federal law banned literacy tests for voter registration, and also established federal oversight of certain parts of state election law. (Include the year.)
What is the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
This rule prevents evidence obtained illegally from being used in court cases.
What is the exclusionary rule?
This case ruled that New York State could not require prayer in public schools.
What is Engel v. Vitale?
No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury...nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law...
What is the 5th Amendment?
What is symbolic speech?
This federal law barred segregation and discrimination based on race, gender, religion, and national origin. (Include the year.)
What is the Civil Rights Act of 1964
This is the idea that the Constitution protects people of all races equally and therefore laws and policies should not take race into account at all.
What is Colorblind Constitution Theory?
This case ruled that the state could not compel school attendance after 8th grade if it interfered with the free exercise of a family's religion.
What is Wisconsin v. Yoder?
Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
What is the 8th Amendment?
The Constitution protects media outlets' right to publish stories, without the government stepping in to take this action of banning stories before they are published.
What is prior restraint?
This specific constitutional clause was the underlying principle in the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, KS Supreme Court decision.
What is the equal protection clause?
This is the idea that citizens have the right to be left alone by the government, without the government looking into their affairs.
What is the right to privacy?
This case featured the selective incorporation of the sixth amendment right to an attorney, ruling that states were also responsible for providing counsel to defendants who could not afford their own lawyers.
What is Gideon v. Wainwright?
In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury...and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence.
What is the 6th Amendment?
Rights of free speech and assembly are subject to these three types of limitations.
What are time, place, and manner restrictions?
The theory behind this hiring and admissions practice is that in order to overcome historical discrimination, simply stopping that discrimination is insufficient.
What is affirmative action?
This is the idea that several amendments imply a particular right that is never named in the Constitution.
What is penumbra theory/the penumbra of privacy?
This Supreme Court case selectively incorporated the Second Amendment, ruling that state and local governments also had to observe citizens' right to bear arms.
What is McDonald v. Chicago?