Civil Liberties
These are protections from government actions that threaten individual freedom.
What are civil liberties?
This amendment protects you from self-incrimination.
What is the Fifth Amendment?
A clause that prevents the government from establishing an official religion.
What is the Establishment Clause?
A clause that requires states to treat people equally under the law.
What is the Equal Protection Clause?
Students wore black armbands to protest the Vietnam War; the Court protected this symbolic speech.
What is Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)?
The first ten amendments of the Constitution are collectively known as this.
What is the Bill of Rights?
This rule prevents illegally obtained evidence from being used in court.
What is the Exclusionary Rule?
Clause that protects your right to practice your religion freely.
What is the Free Exercise Clause?
Law or policy that gives special consideration to disadvantaged groups to promote equality.
What is affirmative action?
A court case that ruled school segregation unconstitutional in public schools.
What is Brown v. Board of Education (1954)?
This legal concept allows the Supreme Court to apply most of the Bill of Rights to the states.
What is selective incorporation?
You must have this before the police can legally search your home.
What is a warrant?
The government can impose these restrictions on speech (related to location, time, or manner).
What are time, place, and manner restrictions?
Segregation caused by social factors like housing patterns, rather than law, is called this.
What is de facto segregation?
Case that guaranteed the right to a lawyer in felony cases.
What is Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)?
This standard is used by courts to determine if a law restricting a right is justified.
What is strict scrutiny?
This amendment guarantees a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury.
What is the Sixth Amendment?
Speech that expresses ideas through actions rather than words is called this.
What is symbolic speech?
This act of nonviolent law-breaking is often used to protest unjust laws.
What is civil disobedience?
The case involved school prayer, ruling that state-sponsored prayer is unconstitutional.
What is Engel v. Vitale (1962)?
This is the legal term for unreasonable searches and seizures.
What is an unreasonable search and seizure (Fourth Amendment)?
The death penalty must not violate this constitutional protection.
What is the Eighth Amendment?
Government censorship of material before it is published is called this.
What is prior restraint?
Supreme Court case that allowed Amish children to leave school early for religious reasons.
What is Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)?
Case that incorporated the Second Amendment right to bear arms to the states.
What is McDonald v. Chicago (2010)?